22 USC 1461: Deliberative Process

            
 
          Sec. 1461. General authorization
(a) Dissemination of information abroad

    The Secretary is authorized, when he finds it appropriate, to 
provide for the preparation, and dissemination abroad, of information 
about the United States, its people, and its policies, through press, 
publications, radio, motion pictures, and other information media, and 
through information centers and instructors abroad. Subject to 
subsection (b) of this section, any such information (other than 
``Problems of Communism'' and the ``English Teaching Forum'' which may 
be sold by the Government Printing Office) shall not be disseminated 
within the United States, its territories, or possessions, but, on 
request, shall be available in the English language at the Department of 
State, at all reasonable times following its release as information 
abroad, for examination only by representatives of United States press 
associations, newspapers, magazines, radio systems, and stations, and by 
research students and scholars, and, on request, shall be made available 
for examination only to Members of Congress.

(b) Dissemination of information within United States

    (1) The Director of the United States Information Agency shall make 
available to the Archivist of the United States, for domestic 
distribution, motion pictures, films, videotapes, and other material 
prepared for dissemination abroad 12 years after the initial 
dissemination of
the material abroad or, in the case of such material not disseminated 
abroad, 12 years after the preparation of the material.
    (2) The Director of the United States Information Agency shall be 
reimbursed for any attendant expenses. Any reimbursement to the Director 
pursuant to this subsection shall be credited to the applicable 
appropriation of the United States Information Agency.
    (3) The Archivist shall be the official custodian of the material 
and shall issue necessary regulations to ensure that persons seeking its 
release in the United States have secured and paid for necessary United 
States rights and licenses and that all costs associated with the 
provision of the material by the Archivist shall be paid by the persons 
seeking its release. The Archivist may charge fees to recover such 
costs, in accordance with section 2116(c) of title 44. Such fees shall 
be paid into, administered, and expended as part of the National 
Archives Trust Fund.

(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, Sec. 501, 62 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 92-352, 
title II, Sec. 204, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 96-60, title 
II, Sec. 208, Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 101-246, title II, 
Sec. 202, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 49.)
                               Amendments

    1990--Pub. L. 101-246 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), 
substituted ``Subject to subsection (b) of this section, any such 
information'' for ``Any such information'' in second sentence, and added 
subsec. (b).
    1979--Pub. L. 96-60 substituted `` `Problems of Communism' and the 
`English Teaching Forum' which may be sold'' for `` `Problems of 
Communism' which may continue to be sold'' in parenthetical clause.
    1972--Pub. L. 92-352 substituted provisions relating to the 
prohibition, except as otherwise provided, on the dissemination of 
information within the United States, its territories, or possessions, 
other than ``Problems of Communism'' which could continue to be sold at 
the Government Printing Office, for provisions relating to the 
availability of press release or radio scripts for examination by 
representatives of United States press associations, newspapers, 
magazines, radio systems, and stations, and, on request, Members of 
Congress.

                          Transfer of Functions

    United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of 
Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions 
transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this 
title.
 USIA Network for Dissemination of Information Concerning United States 
      Programs To Combat Narcotics and Other Controlled Substances

    Section 210 of Pub. L. 101-246 provided that: ``The United States 
Information Agency shall establish and maintain an international 
narcotics information network. The network shall disseminate prompt, 
accurate, and comprehensive information to foreign governments 
concerning programs and activities of the United States Government--
        ``(1) to eliminate the illicit production, trafficking, and 
    abuse of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled 
    substances within the United States; and
        ``(2) to promote drug prevention and rehabilitation in the 
    United States.''
    [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than 
Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), 
transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 
6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.]
         Public Service Announcements To Promote Child Survival

    Pub. L. 101-246, title II, Sec. 233, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 57, 
provided that: ``The United States Information Agency shall establish 
and maintain through the Voice of America a system of public service 
announcements focusing on child survival techniques.''
    [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than 
Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), 
transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 
6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.]
                    USIA Posts and Personnel Overseas

    Pub. L. 100-204, title II, Sec. 204, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1373, 
prohibited use of appropriated funds to pay expenses associated with 
closing of United States Information Agency posts abroad or to pay 
expenses associated with Bureau of Management or with television and 
film service of Agency if an Agency post abroad was closed after Apr. 1, 
1987, and not reopened within 180 days after Dec. 22, 1987, placed 
limitation on reduction of number of positions filled by American 
employees of Agency stationed abroad, authorized waiver of both 
prohibition and limitation, and permitted Director, in case of a 
sequestration order, to submit a report to congressional committees 
proposing a list of Agency posts to be downgraded or closed in order to 
comply with sequestration order, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102-138, 
title II, Sec. 206(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 693. See section 1475g 
of this title.
  Redesignation of International Communication Agency as United States 
                           Information Agency

    Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 303, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, 
provided that:
    ``(a) The International Communication Agency, established by 
Reorganization Plan Numbered 2 of 1977 [set out as a note below], is 
hereby redesignated the United States Information Agency. The Director 
of the International Communication Agency or any other official of the 
International Communication Agency is hereby redesignated the Director 
or other official, as appropriate, of the United States Information 
Agency.
    ``(b) Any reference in any statute, reorganization plan, Executive 
order, regulation, agreement, determination, or other official document 
or proceeding to the International Communication Agency or the Director 
or other official of the International Communication Agency shall be 
deemed to refer respectively to the United States Information Agency or 
the Director or other official of the United States Information Agency, 
as so redesignated by subsection (a).''
    [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than 
Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), 
transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 
6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.]

                REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 8 OF 1953

 Eff. Aug. 1, 1953, 18 F.R. 4542, 67 Stat. 642, as amended act 
  June 28, 1955, ch. 189, Sec. 12(c)(21), 69 Stat. 183; Reorg. 
   Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), eff. Oct. 11, 1977, 42 F.R. 
                      62461, 91 Stat. 1639

Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of 
    Representatives in Congress assembled, June 1, 1953, pursuant to the 
    provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949, approved June 20, 
    1949, as amended [see 5 U.S.C. 901 et seq.].

                UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
                   Section 1. Establishment of Agency

    [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), eff. Oct. 11, 
1977, 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639, set out as a note below. Section was 
amended by act June 28, 1955, ch. 189, Sec. 12(c)(21), 69 Stat. 183 and 
related to the establishment of the United States Information Agency.]
                      Sec. 2. Transfer of Functions

    (a) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, there are hereby 
transferred to the Director (1) the functions vested in the Secretary of 
State by Title V of the United States Information and Educational 
Exchange Act of 1948, as amended [22 U.S.C. 1461, 1462], and so much of 
functions with respect to the interchange of books and periodicals and 
aid to libraries and community centers under sections 202 and 203 of the 
said Act [22 U.S.C. 1447, 1448] as is an integral part of information 
programs under that Act [22 U.S.C. 1431-1479], together with so much of 
the functions vested in the Secretary of State by other provisions of 
the said Act [22 U.S.C. 1431-1479] as is incidental to or is necessary 
for the performance of the functions under Title V and sections 202 and 
203 transferred by this section, and (2) [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 
of 1977, Sec. 9(b), eff. Oct. 11, 1977, 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. 
Paragraph related to functions of the Secretary of State with respect to 
information programs relating to Germany and Austria.]
    (b) [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), eff. Oct. 11, 
1977, 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Subsection related to the transfer 
to the Director of functions vested in the Director for Mutual Security 
by the Mutual Security Act of 1951, as amended, act Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 
479, 65 Stat. 373, which related to foreign information programs, as 
formerly provided for in section 1652 of this title.]
    (c)(1) The Secretary of State shall direct the policy and control 
the content of a program, for use abroad, on official United States 
positions, including interpretations of current events, identified as 
official positions by an exclusive descriptive label.
    (2) The Secretary of State shall continue to provide to the Director 
on a current basis full guidance concerning the foreign policy of the 
United States.
    (3) [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 
62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Paragraph provided that nothing in subsec. (c) of 
this section was to affect the functions of the Secretary of State with 
respect to conducting negotiations with other governments.]
    (d) To the extent the President deems it necessary in order to carry 
out the functions transferred by the foregoing provisions of this 
section, he may authorize the Director to exercise, in relation to the 
respective functions so transferred, any authority or part thereof 
available by law, including appropriation acts, to the Secretary of 
State, the Director for Mutual Security, or the Director of the Foreign 
Operations Administration, in respect of the said transferred functions.
              Sec. 3. Performance of Transferred Functions

    [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 
Stat. 1639. Section related to the performance of transferred 
functions.]
                      Sec. 4. Incidental Transfers

    [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 
Stat. 1639. Section related to incidental transfers.]
                       Sec. 5. Interim Provisions

    [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 
Stat. 1639. Section related to interim provisions.]
    [The United States Information Agency was abolished and replaced by 
the International Communication Agency pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 
1977, set out below, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such time 
as specified by the President. The International Communication Agency 
was redesignated the United States Information Agency by section 303 of 
Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a 
note above. For abolition of United States Information Agency (other 
than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting 
Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see 
sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.]
                        Message of the President

To the Congress of the United States:
    I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953, prepared in 
accordance with the Reorganization Act of 1949, as amended, and 
providing for the reorganization of foreign information functions. My 
reasons for proposing this plan are stated in another message 
transmitted to the Congress today.
    After investigation, I have found and hereby declare that each 
reorganization included in Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 is 
necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 
2(a) of the Reorganization Act of 1949, as amended. I have also found 
and hereby declare that it is necessary to include in the accompanying 
reorganization plan, by reason of reorganizations made thereby, 
provisions for the appointment and compensation of officers specified in 
section 1 of the plan. The rates of compensation fixed for these 
officers are, respectively, those which I have found to prevail in 
respect of comparable officers in the executive branch of the 
Government.
    I expect that the improved organizational arrangement provided for 
in Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 will lead to substantial economies 
and significantly improved effectiveness of administration. It is not 
practicable, however, to itemize at this time the reductions in 
expenditures which will probably be brought about by the taking effect 
of the reorganizations included in the reorganization plan.
                                                   Dwight D. Eisenhower.

    The White House, June 1, 1953.

                REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 2 OF 1977

42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1636, as amended Pub. L. 101-246, title 
 II, Sec. 204(c), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 50; Pub. L. 105-277, 
div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Secs. 1334(b), 1336(6), Oct. 
21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-786, 2681-790; Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, 
 Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title IV, Sec. 404(a), (c)], Nov. 29, 
  1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-446, 1501A-447; Pub. L. 107-77, 
       title IV, Sec. 407(c), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 790

Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of 
    Representatives in Congress assembled, October 11, 1977,\1\ pursuant 
    to the provisions of chapter 9 of title 5 of the United States 
    Code.\2\
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    \1\ Actually transmitted Oct. 12, 1977.
    \2\ As amended Nov. 1, 1977, and Nov. 3, 1977.
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               INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION AGENCY
   Section 1. Establishment of the International Communication Agency

    [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, 
Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section established the 
International Communication Agency.]
                            Sec. 2. Director

    [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, 
Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for 
appointment and responsibilities of Director of the Agency.]
                         Sec. 3. Deputy Director

    [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, 
Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for 
appointment and duties of Deputy Director of the Agency.]
                       Sec. 4. Associate Directors

    [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, 
Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for 
appointment, titles, and functions of four Associate Directors of the 
Agency.]
                    Sec. 5. Performance of Functions

    [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, 
Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for 
establishment of bureaus, offices, divi
sions, and other units within the Agency and for performance of 
functions of the Director within the Agency.]
                          Sec. 6. Negotiations

    [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, 
Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section authorized 
Director to conduct negotiations with representatives of foreign states 
or organizations on matters for which responsibility was vested in the 
Director or in the Agency.]
                      Sec. 7. Transfer of Functions

    (a) There are hereby transferred to the Director all functions 
vested in the President, the Secretary of State, the Department of 
State, the Director of the United States Information Agency, and the 
United States Information Agency pursuant to the following:
    (1) the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 
1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1431-1479), except to the extent that any 
function in sections 302, 401, or 602 [22 U.S.C. 1452, 1456, or 1467] is 
vested in the President;
    (2) the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 2451-2458a), except for: (A) such functions as are 
vested by sections 102(b)(6), 102(b)(10), 104(a), 104(e)(1), 104(e)(2), 
104(f), 104(g), 105(a), 105(b), 105(c), 106(a), 108 [22 U.S.C. 
2452(b)(6), (b)(10), 2454(a), (e)(1), (2), (f), (g), 2455(a), (b), (c), 
2456(a), 2458]; (B) to the extent that such functions were assigned to 
the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare immediately prior to the 
effective date of this Reorganization Plan, sections 104(b), 105(d)(2), 
105(f), 106(d), and 106(f) [22 U.S.C. 2454(b), 2455(d)(2), (f), 2456(d), 
(f)]; and (C) to the extent that any function therein is vested in the 
President or the Secretary of State, sections 106(b) and 106(c) [22 
U.S.C. 2456(b), (c)].
    (3) Public Law 90-494 (22 U.S.C. [former] 929-932, 1221-1234), to 
the extent that such functions are vested in the Director of the United 
States Information Agency;
    (4) Sections 522(3), 692(1), and 803(a)(4) of the Foreign Service 
Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. [former sections] 922(3), 1037a(1), 
and 1063(a)(4)), to the extent such functions are vested in the Director 
of the United States Information Agency or in the United States 
Information Agency.
    (5) Section 4 of the United States Information Agency Appropriations 
Authorization Act of 1973, Public Law 93-168 [Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 
689];
    (6)(A) Sections 107(b), 204 and 205 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1978, Public Law 95-105, 91 Stat. 844 
[Aug. 17, 1977]; and (B) to the extent such functions are vested in the 
Director of the United States Information Agency, section 203 of the 
Act;
    (7) The Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East 
and West Act of 1960 (22 U.S.C. 2054-2057);
    (8) Sections 101(a)(15)(J) and 212(e) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(J), 1182(e));
    (9) Section 2(a)(1) of Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 
1461 note);
    (10) Section 3(a) of the Arts and Artifacts Indemnity Act (20 U.S.C. 
972(a));
    (11) Section 7 of the Act of June 15, 1951, c. 138, 65 Stat. 71 (50 
U.S.C. App. 2316);
    (12) Section 9(b) of the National Foundation on the Arts and 
Humanities Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 958(b)), to the extent that such 
functions are vested in the Secretary of State;
    (13) Section 112(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
[former] 1009(a)), to the extent such functions are vested in the 
Department of State;
    (14) Section 3(b)(1) of the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of 1968 (20 
U.S.C. 80f(b)(1));
    (15) Section 201 of Public Law 89-665, as amended by section 201(5) 
of Public Law 94-422 (16 U.S.C. 470i(a)(9));
    (16) The third proviso in the twenty-third unnumbered paragraph of 
title V of Public Law 95-86 (headed ``UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, 
SALARIES AND EXPENSES''), 91 Stat. 440-41 [Aug. 2, 1977];
    (17) The twentieth unnumbered paragraph of title I of Public Law 95-
86 (headed ``CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE BETWEEN EAST 
AND WEST''), 91 Stat. 424;
    (18) Sections 4(d)(1)(F), 4(f)(1)(F), 4(g)(1)(F), and 4(h)(1)(F) of 
the Foreign Service Buildings Act, 1926, as amended (22 U.S.C. 
295(d)(1)(F), 295(f)(1)(F), 295(g)(1)(F), and 295(h)(1)(F)); and
    (19) Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the Act of July 9, 1949, c. 301, 63 
Stat. 408 (22 U.S.C. 2681-2683).
    (b) There are hereby transferred to the Director all functions 
vested in the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs pursuant 
to Section 2(a) of the John F. Kennedy Center Act (20 U.S.C. 76h(a)).
    (c) The Director shall insure that the scholarly integrity and 
nonpolitical character of educational and cultural exchange activities 
vested in the Director are maintained.
   Sec. 8. Establishment of the United States Advisory Commission on 
     International Communication, Cultural, and Educational Affairs

    (a) There is hereby established an advisory commission, to be known 
as the United States Advisory Commission on International Communication, 
Cultural and Educational Affairs (the ``Commission'') [the United States 
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy]. The Commission shall consist 
of seven members who shall be appointed by the President, by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate. The members of the Commission 
shall represent the public interest and shall be selected from the cross 
section of educational, communications, cultural, scientific, technical, 
public service, labor and business and professional backgrounds. Not 
more than four members shall be from any one political party. The term 
of each member shall be three years except that of the original seven 
appointments, two shall be for a term of one year and two shall be for a 
term of two years. Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring 
prior to the expiration of the term for which a predecessor was 
appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term. Upon the 
expiration of a member's term of office, such member may continue to 
serve until a successor is appointed and has qualified. The President 
shall designate a member to chair the Commission.
    (b) The functions now vested in the United States Advisory 
Commission on Information and in the United States Advisory Commission 
on International Educational and Cultural Affairs under sections 601 
through 603 and 801(6) of the United States Information and Educational 
Exchange Act of 1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1466-1468, 1471(6)), and 
under sections 106(b) and 107 of the Mutual Educational and Cultural 
Exchange Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2456(b), 2457), 
respectively, are hereby consolidated and vested in the Commission, as 
follows:
    The Commission shall formulate and recommend to the Director, the 
Secretary of State, and the President policies and programs to carry out 
the functions vested in the Director or the Agency, and shall appraise 
the effectiveness of policies and programs of the Agency. The Commission 
shall submit to the Congress, the President, the Secretary of State and 
the Director annual reports on programs and activities carried on by the 
Agency, including appraisals, where feasible, as to the effectiveness of 
the several programs. The Commission shall also include in such reports 
such recommendations as shall have been made by the Commission to the 
Director for effectuating the purposes of the Agency, and the action 
taken to carry out such recommendations. The Commission may also submit 
such other reports to the Congress as it deems appropriate, and shall 
make reports to the public in the United States and abroad to develop a 
better understanding of and support for the programs conducted by the 
Agency. The Commission's reports to the Congress shall include 
assessments of the degree to which the scholarly integrity and 
nonpolitical character of the educational and cultural exchange 
activities vested in the Director
have been maintained, and assessments of the attitudes of foreign 
scholars and governments regarding such activities.
    (c) The Commission shall have no authority with respect to the J. 
William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board or the United States 
National Commission for UNESCO. [As amended Pub. L. 101-246, title II, 
Sec. 204(c), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 50; Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, 
subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1334(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-786; 
Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title IV, Sec. 404(a), 
(c)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-446, 1501A-447; Pub. L. 107-
77, title IV, Sec. 407(c), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 790.]
    [Section 6553 of this title provided that the United States Advisory 
Commission on Public Diplomacy, established under section 8 of 
Reorganization Plan Numbered 2 of 1977, set out above, was to continue 
to exist and operate until Oct. 1, 2005.]
    [Any provisions of section 8 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977 
inconsistent with 22 U.S.C. 1469 to no longer have legal effect on Jan. 
20, 1989, and prohibition limiting membership of individuals from same 
political party is repealed, see 22 U.S.C. 1469(d).]
    [United States Advisory Commission on International Communication, 
Cultural and Educational Affairs was redesignated the United States 
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy by 22 U.S.C. 1469.]
                  Sec. 9. Abolitions and Supersessions

    (a) The following are hereby abolished:
    (1) The United States Information Agency, including the offices of 
Director, Deputy Director, Deputy Director (Policy and Plans) (5 U.S.C. 
5316(67)), Associate Director (Policy and Plans) (5 U.S.C. 5316(103)), 
and additional offices created by section 1(d) of Reorganization Plan 
No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 1461 note), of the United States Information 
Agency, provided that, pending the initial appointment of the Director, 
Deputy Director and Associate Directors of the Agency their functions 
shall be performed temporarily, but not for a period in excess of sixty 
(60) days, by such officers of the Department of State or of the United 
States Information Agency as the President shall designate;
    (2) One of the offices of Assistant Secretary of State provided for 
in section 1 of the Act of May 26, 1949, c. 143, 63 Stat. 111, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 2652), and in section 5315(22) of title 5 of the 
United States Code;
    (3) The United States Advisory Commission on International 
Educational and Cultural Affairs (22 U.S.C. [former] 2456(b));
    (4) The United States Advisory Commission on Information (22 U.S.C. 
[former] 1466-1468);
    (5) All functions vested in or related to the United States Advisory 
Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs and the 
United States Advisory Commission on Information that are not 
transferred to the Director by section 7 or consolidated in the 
Commission by section 8 of this Reorganization Plan;
    (6) The Advisory Committee on the Arts, all functions thereof, and 
all functions relating thereto (22 U.S.C. [former] 2456(c)); and
    (7) The functions vested in the Secretary of State by section 3(e) 
of the Act of August 1, 1956, c. 841, 70 Stat. 890 (22 U.S.C. [former] 
2670(e)).
    (b) Sections 1, 2(a)(2), 2(b), 2(c)(3), 3, 4, and 5 of 
Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 1461 note) are hereby 
superseded.
                        Sec. 10. Other Transfers

    So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances 
of appropriations, allocations and other funds employed, used, held, 
available, or to be made available in connection with the functions 
transferred or consolidated by this Reorganization Plan, as the Director 
of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine, shall be 
transferred to the appropriate department, agency, or commission at such 
time or times as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
shall provide, except that no such unexpended balances transferred shall 
be used for purposes other than those for which the appropriation was 
originally made. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
shall provide for terminating the affairs of all agencies, commissions, 
and offices abolished herein and for such further measures and 
dispositions as such Director deems necessary to effectuate the purposes 
of this Reorganization Plan.
                         Sec. 11. Effective Date

    This Reorganization Plan shall become effective at such time or 
times, on or before July 1, 1978, as the President shall specify, but 
not sooner than the earliest time allowable under section 906 of title 5 
of the United States Code.
    [Amendment to Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 [set out above] by 
Pub. L. 105-277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105-
277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this 
title.]
    [Pursuant to Ex. Ord. No. 12048, set out below, this Reorg. Plan is 
effective July 1, 1978.]
                        Message of the President

To the Congress of the United States:
    I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 to consolidate 
certain international communication, educational and cultural, and 
broadcasting activities of the United States Government. I am acting 
under the authority vested in me by the Reorganization Act, chapter 9 of 
title 5 of the United States Code. I am also acting pursuant to section 
501 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1978 (Public 
Law 95-105), which provides that my recommendations for reorganizing 
these activities be transmitted by October 31, 1977.
    This reorganization will consolidate into a new agency, to be known 
as the Agency for International Communication, the functions now 
exercised by the State Department's Bureau of Educational and Cultural 
Affairs and the United States Information Agency.
    The principal aspects of this proposal are:
    --The new agency will take over USIA's international communications 
        programs (including the Voice of America) and the international 
        educational and cultural exchange activities now conducted by 
        the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.
    --The agency's Director will be the principal advisor on 
        international information and exchange activities to the 
        President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of 
        State. Under the direction of the Secretary of State, the 
        Director will have primary responsibility within the Government 
        for the conduct of such activities. The Director, the Deputy 
        Director and the Associate Directors of the new agency will be 
        confirmed by the Senate.
    --The two commissions that now advise USIA and the Bureau of 
        Educational and Cultural Affairs will be combined into a single 
        seven-member commission. Members of this nonpartisan commission 
        will be chosen from fields related to the agency's mission. The 
        commissioners will be appointed by the President and confirmed 
        by the Senate.
    The purpose of this reorganization is to broaden our informational, 
educational and cultural intercourse with the world, since this is the 
major means by which our government can inform others about our country, 
and inform ourselves about the rest of the world.
    The new Agency for International Communication will play a central 
role in building these two-way bridges of understanding between our 
people and the other peoples of the world. Only by knowing and 
understanding each other's experiences can we find common ground on 
which we can examine and resolve our differences.
    The new agency will have two distinct but related goals:
        To tell the world about our society and policies--in particular 
    our commitment to cultural diversity and individual liberty.
        To tell ourselves about the world, so as to enrich our own 
    culture as well as to give us the understanding to deal effectively 
    with problems among nations.
    As the world becomes more and more interdependent, such mutual 
understanding becomes increasingly vital. The aim of this 
reorganization, therefore, is a more effective dialogue among peoples of 
the earth. Americans--mostly immigrants or the descendants of 
immigrants--are particularly well suited to enter into such an 
undertaking. We have already learned much from those who have brought 
differing values, perspectives and experiences to our shores. And we 
must continue to learn.
    Thus the new agency will lay heavy emphasis on listening to others, 
so as to learn something of their motivations and aspirations, their 
histories and cultures.
    Several principles guided me in shaping this reorganization plan. 
Among the most important were:
    --Maintaining the integrity of the educational and cultural exchange 
        programs is imperative. To this end, the plan retains the Board 
        of Foreign Scholarships, whose strong leadership has done so 
        much to insure the high quality of the educational exchange 
        program. In addition, I intend to nominate an Associate Director 
        who will be responsible for the administration and supervision 
        of educational and cultural functions consolidated in the new 
        Agency. The responsibilities presently exercised by the 
        Department of State in relation to the Center for Technical and 
        Cultural Interchange Between East and West, Inc., will be 
        transferred to the new agency without alteration.
    --Keeping the Voice of America's news gathering and reporting 
        functions independent and objective. The Voice's charter, 
        enacted into law in 1976, provides that ``VOA news will be 
        accurate, objective, and comprehensive''; that VOA will 
        ``present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant 
        American thought and institutions''; and that VOA will present 
        U.S. policies ``clearly and effectively, and will also present 
        responsible discussion and opinion on these policies.'' Under 
        this Administration, VOA will be solely responsible for the 
        content of news broadcasts--for there is no more valued coin 
        than candor in the international marketplace of ideas. I also 
        plan to nominate an Associate Director who will be responsible 
        for the administration and supervision of the Voice of America.
    --The new agency's activities must be straightforward, open, candid, 
        balanced, and representative. They will not be given over to the 
        advancement of the views of any one group, any one party or any 
        one Administration. The agency must not operate in a covert, 
        manipulative, or propagandistic way.
    --Rights of U.S. Information Agency and State Department employees 
        must be respected. In the new agency, their career achievements 
        will be recognized and the best possible use made of their 
        professional skills and abilities.
    The Director of the new agency will assess and advise on the impact 
on worldwide public opinion of American foreign policy decisions. The 
Agency will coordinate the international information, educational, 
cultural and exchange programs conducted by the U.S. Government and will 
be a governmental focal point for private U.S. international exchange 
programs. It will also play a leading role within the U.S. Government in 
our efforts to remove barriers to the international exchange of ideas 
and information.
    It is not practicable to specify all of the expenditure reductions 
and other economies that will result from the proposed reorganization, 
and therefore I do not do so. The reorganization will result in greater 
efficiency by unifying in Washington the management of programs which 
are already administered in a consolidated manner in the field. For 
example, field officers will no longer report to two separate sets of 
supervisors and headquarters at home.
    This plan abolishes the functions of the Advisory Committee on the 
Arts authorized by section 106(c) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural 
Exchange Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2456(c)). Also abolished, as 
a result of the consolidation of certain functions of the United States 
Advisory Commission on Information and the United States Advisory 
Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs in the 
United States Advisory Commission on International Communication, 
Cultural and Educational Affairs, are the functions authorized by 
section 603 of the United States Information and Educational Exchange 
Act of 1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1468) (requiring submission by the 
United States Advisory Commission on Information of a quarterly report 
to the Director of USIA and a semiannual report to the Congress). The 
new commission will report annually and at such other times as it deems 
appropriate (as does the existing Advisory Commission on International 
Educational and Cultural Affairs). Since appointments of all members of 
the new commission will be on a nonpartisan basis, as has been the case 
with the Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural 
Affairs, the requirement of section 602(a) of the U.S. Information and 
Educational Exchange Act (22 U.S.C. 1467(a)) that not more than three 
members of the Advisory Commission on Information shall be of the same 
political party is abolished.
    Various obsolete or superseded functions under Reorganization Plan 
No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 1461 note), which created the USIA, are 
superseded by this plan. Finally, the Plan abolishes a provision 
authorizing the Secretary of State to pay the expenses of transporting 
the bodies of participants in exchange programs who die away from home, 
since State no longer will conduct such programs (22 U.S.C. 2670(e)). 
All functions abolished by the reorganization are done so in compliance 
with section 903(b) of title 5 of the United States Code.
    After investigation, I have found that this reorganization is 
necessary to carry out the policy set forth in section 901(a) of title 5 
of the United States Code. The provisions in this Plan for the 
appointment and pay of the Director, Deputy Director, and Associate 
Directors of the Agency have been found by me to be necessary by reason 
of the reorganization made by the plan and are at a rate applicable to 
comparable officers in the executive branch.
    In presenting this plan, I ask the support of Congress to strengthen 
and simplify the machinery by which we carry out these important 
functions of the United States Government.
    Such action will make us better able to project the great variety 
and vitality of American life to those abroad, and to enrich our own 
lives with a fuller knowledge of the vitality and variety of other 
societies.
    The new Agency for International Communication will help us 
demonstrate ``a decent respect for the opinions of mankind,'' and to 
deal intelligently with a world awakening to a new spirit of freedom.
                                                           Jimmy Carter.
    The White House, October 11, 1977.

         Ex. Ord. No. 12048. International Communication Agency

    Ex. Ord. No. 12048, Mar. 27, 1978, 43 F.R. 13361, as amended by Ex. 
Ord. No. 12388, Oct. 14, 1982, 47 F.R. 46245; Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 
9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617, provided:
    By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws 
of the United States of America, including Section 11 of Reorganization 
Plan No. 2 of 1977 (42 FR 62461 (December 13, 1977)) [set out above], 
Section 202 of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950 (31 
U.S.C. 581c) [31 U.S.C. 1531], and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United 
States Code, and as President of the United States of America, in order 
to provide for the establishment of the International Communication 
Agency, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    Section 1. (a) Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 (42 FR 62461), 
which establishes the International Communication Agency, except for 
Section 7(a)(14) thereof, is hereby effective.
    (b) Section 7(a)(14) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977, relating 
to the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of 1968 [20 U.S.C. 80e et seq.], 
shall be effective on July 1, 1978.
    Sec. 2. The functions vested in the Secretary of State by Executive 
Order No. 11312 are assigned and redelegated to the Director of the 
International Communication Agency. All authority vested in the United 
States Information Agency or its Director by Executive order is 
reassigned and redelegated to the International Communication Agency or 
its Director, respectively.
    Sec. 3. In order to ensure appropriate coordination among the 
Executive agencies, the Director of the International Communication 
Agency shall exercise primary responsibility for Government-wide policy 
guidance for international informational, educational, and cultural 
activities, including exchange programs. The Director shall take into 
account the statutory functions of the other concerned Executive 
agencies.
    Sec. 4. The Director of the International Communication Agency, with 
the assistance of the Secretary of Education, shall prepare and submit 
to the President the reports which the President is to transmit to the 
Congress pursuant to Section 108(b) of the Mutual Educational and 
Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2458).
    Sec. 5. The functions vested in the President by Sections 108(c) and 
108(d) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as 
amended [22 U.S.C. 2458(c) and (d)], are delegated to the Director of 
the International Communication Agency; because, (a) such a delegation 
is in the interest of the purposes expressed in that Act and the 
efficient administration of the programs undertaken pursuant thereto, 
(b) the Director is an appropriate official to perform those functions, 
and (c) those functions are not now delegated to any other officer of 
the Government.
    Sec. 6. The Director of the International Communication Agency shall 
be the principal adviser to the President, the National Security 
Council, and the Secretary of State on international informational, 
educational, and cultural matters. As such, the Director shall provide 
advice within the policy formulation activities of the National Security 
Council when such matters are considered. The Director shall ensure that 
the senior official of the Agency at each diplomatic mission provides 
advice to the Chief of Mission on such matters. The scope of the 
Director's advice shall include assessments of the impact of actual and 
proposed United States foreign policy decisions on public opinion 
abroad.
    Sec. 7. The records, property, personnel, and unexpended balances of 
appropriations, available or to be made available, which relate to the 
functions transferred or reassigned, or redelegated as provided in this 
Order, are hereby transferred to the Director of the International 
Communication Agency.
    Sec. 8. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall 
make such determinations, issue such orders, and take all actions, 
necessary or appropriate to effectuate the transfers or reassignments 
provided in this Order, including the transfer of funds, records, 
property, and personnel.
    Sec. 9. This Order shall be effective on April 1, 1978.
    Sec. 10. In accord with the name change provisions of Section 303 of 
Public Law 97-241 [set out as a note above] and effective on August 24, 
1982, references in this Order to the International Communication Agency 
shall be deemed to be references to the United States Information 
Agency.
    [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than 
Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), 
transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 
6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.]