42 USC 2011 et seq.: Information classified as Restricted Data, Formerly Restricted Data, or Unclassified Controlled Nuclear Information
About This Project
This project uses data compiled by the Sunshine in Government initiative, a coalition of journalism and transparency groups. SGI compiled data from federal agency annual FOIA reports to track how often b(3) exemptions were used. SGI also standardized the exemptions since some agencies used slightly different citations of the same laws. In some cases, agencies listed general laws without specifying a section under which information was withheld. This project does not include information from agencies that use no b(3) exemptions in 2008 or 2009. ProPublica compiled information about FOIA denials.
| Department | Claims |
|---|---|
| Dept. of Energy | 23.0 |
| Dept. of State | 2.0 |
TITLE 42--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
CHAPTER 23 - DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC ENERGY
Division A - Atomic Energy
SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 2011. Congressional declaration of policy
Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as
military purposes. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the
United States that -
(a) the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be
directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general
welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of
making the maximum contribution to the common defense and
security; and
(b) the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be
directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general
welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free
competition in private enterprise.
(Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, Sec. 1, as added Aug. 30, 1954,
ch. 1073, Sec. 1, 68 Stat. 921; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102-
486, title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.)
PRIOR PROVISIONS
Provisions similar to those comprising this section were
contained in section 1 of act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 755,
which was classified to section 1801 of this title, prior to the
general amendment and renumbering of act Aug. 1, 1946, by act Aug.
30, 1954.
SHORT TITLE OF 2005 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 109-58, title VI, Sec. 601, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 779,
provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (Secs. 601-610) of title
VI of Pub. L. 109-58, amending sections 2210 and 2282a of this
title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2210
and 2282a of this title] may be cited as the 'Price-Anderson
Amendments Act of 2005'."
SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106-245, Sec. 1, July 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 501, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 285a-9 of this title and enacting
and amending provisions set out as notes under section 2210 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
Amendments of 2000'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 104-134, title III, Sec. 3101, Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat.
1321-335, provided that: "This subchapter [subch. A (Secs. 3101-
3117) of ch. 1 of title III of Pub. L. 104-134, enacting sections
2297h to 2297h-13 of this title, amending sections 2014, 2239,
2243, 2282, 2296b-7, 2297f, and 2297f-1 of this title and section
9101 of Title 31, Money and Finance, repealing sections 2297 to
2297e-7 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes
under section 2297 of this title and section 9101 of Title 31] may
be cited as the 'USEC Privatization Act'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 100-408, Sec. 1, Aug. 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 1066, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 2282a of this title, amending
sections 2014, 2210, and 2273 of this title, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under sections 2014 and 2210 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Price-Anderson Amendments Act of
1988'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1964 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 88-489, Sec. 21, Aug. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 607, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 2012, 2013, 2073 to 2078, 2135,
2153, 2201, 2221, 2233, and 2234 of this title, repealing section
2072 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
sections 2012 and 2072 of this title] may be cited as the 'Private
Ownership of Special Nuclear Materials Act'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1958 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 85-846, Sec. 1, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1084, provided:
"That this Act [enacting sections 2291 to 2296 of this title] may
be cited as the 'EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958'."
SHORT TITLE
Section 291 of title I of act Aug. 1, 1946, as added by act Aug.
30, 1954, Sec. 1; renumbered title I, Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102-
486, title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), 106 Stat. 2944, provided that:
"This Act [enacting this chapter and amending sections 1031(d) and
1032 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government
Officers and Employees, and enacting provision set out as a note
under section 2221 of this title] may be cited as the 'Atomic
Energy Act of 1954'."
SEPARABILITY
Section 281 of title I of act Aug. 1, 1946, as added by act Aug.
30, 1954, Sec. 1; renumbered title I, Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102-
486, title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), 106 Stat. 2944, provided that: "If
any provision of this Act [enacting this chapter] or the
application of such provision to any person or circumstances, is
held invalid, the remainder of this Act or the application of such
provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which
it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby."
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by
sections 5814 and 5841 of this title. See also Transfer of
Functions notes set out under those sections.
TITLE 42--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
CHAPTER 23 - DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC ENERGY
Division A - Atomic Energy
SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 2011. Congressional declaration of policy
Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as
military purposes. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the
United States that -
(a) the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be
directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general
welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of
making the maximum contribution to the common defense and
security; and
(b) the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be
directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general
welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free
competition in private enterprise.
(Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, Sec. 1, as added Aug. 30, 1954,
ch. 1073, Sec. 1, 68 Stat. 921; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102-
486, title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.)
PRIOR PROVISIONS
Provisions similar to those comprising this section were
contained in section 1 of act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 755,
which was classified to section 1801 of this title, prior to the
general amendment and renumbering of act Aug. 1, 1946, by act Aug.
30, 1954.
SHORT TITLE OF 2005 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 109-58, title VI, Sec. 601, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 779,
provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (Secs. 601-610) of title
VI of Pub. L. 109-58, amending sections 2210 and 2282a of this
title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2210
and 2282a of this title] may be cited as the 'Price-Anderson
Amendments Act of 2005'."
SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106-245, Sec. 1, July 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 501, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 285a-9 of this title and enacting
and amending provisions set out as notes under section 2210 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
Amendments of 2000'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 104-134, title III, Sec. 3101, Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat.
1321-335, provided that: "This subchapter [subch. A (Secs. 3101-
3117) of ch. 1 of title III of Pub. L. 104-134, enacting sections
2297h to 2297h-13 of this title, amending sections 2014, 2239,
2243, 2282, 2296b-7, 2297f, and 2297f-1 of this title and section
9101 of Title 31, Money and Finance, repealing sections 2297 to
2297e-7 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes
under section 2297 of this title and section 9101 of Title 31] may
be cited as the 'USEC Privatization Act'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 100-408, Sec. 1, Aug. 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 1066, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 2282a of this title, amending
sections 2014, 2210, and 2273 of this title, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under sections 2014 and 2210 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Price-Anderson Amendments Act of
1988'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1964 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 88-489, Sec. 21, Aug. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 607, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 2012, 2013, 2073 to 2078, 2135,
2153, 2201, 2221, 2233, and 2234 of this title, repealing section
2072 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
sections 2012 and 2072 of this title] may be cited as the 'Private
Ownership of Special Nuclear Materials Act'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1958 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 85-846, Sec. 1, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1084, provided:
"That this Act [enacting sections 2291 to 2296 of this title] may
be cited as the 'EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958'."
SHORT TITLE
Section 291 of title I of act Aug. 1, 1946, as added by act Aug.
30, 1954, Sec. 1; renumbered title I, Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102-
486, title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), 106 Stat. 2944, provided that:
"This Act [enacting this chapter and amending sections 1031(d) and
1032 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government
Officers and Employees, and enacting provision set out as a note
under section 2221 of this title] may be cited as the 'Atomic
Energy Act of 1954'."
SEPARABILITY
Section 281 of title I of act Aug. 1, 1946, as added by act Aug.
30, 1954, Sec. 1; renumbered title I, Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102-
486, title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), 106 Stat. 2944, provided that: "If
any provision of this Act [enacting this chapter] or the
application of such provision to any person or circumstances, is
held invalid, the remainder of this Act or the application of such
provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which
it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby."
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by
sections 5814 and 5841 of this title. See also Transfer of
Functions notes set out under those sections.