Note: Estimates are based on a sample of 2,086 respondents employed full time, full year at ages 51 to 54 and who have been with the same employer for at least five years and who are observed at least until age 65. The analysis considers only job departures that were followed by at least six consecutive months of nonemployment or that resulted in at least a 50 percent decline in weekly earnings for at least two years. Some respondents experienced more than one type of involuntary job departure after age 50, but the departure categories are arranged hierarchically so that no more than one type of separation is counted for any worker.

Source: Data analysis by ProPublica and the Urban Institute, based on the Health and Retirement Study survey by the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research.

Note: Estimates are based on 13,879 observations between 1992 and 2016. Long-term employment is defined as at least five years with the same employer.

Source: Data analysis by ProPublica and the Urban Institute, based on the Health and Retirement Study survey by the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research.

Note: Estimates are based on a sample of 1,189 respondents employed full time, full year at ages 51 to 54 who are observed at least until age 65 and who experienced an employer-related involuntary job departure. The analysis considers only job departures that were followed by at least six consecutive months of nonemployment or that resulted in at least a 50 percent decline in weekly earnings for at least two years.

Source: Data analysis by ProPublica and the Urban Institute, based on the Health and Retirement Study survey by the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research.