Courageous Conservatives PAC Independent Expenditures - 2016 cycle
See Other Cycles: 2018 2020 2022 2024
Total Spent
$324,962
Supporting Candidates
$195,029
Opposing Candidates
$129,933
Totals Through: Nov. 9, 2016
This committee is active in presidential and congressional races and has spent most of its money, $186,253, supporting Ted Cruz.
States Where Courageous Conservatives PAC Has Been Active
Amount Spent
- $0
- $116,000
Recent Independent Expenditures
| Date | Position | Candidate | Race | State | Payee | Purpose | Amount | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Nov. 9, 2016 | Support | Darrell Castle (CON) | President | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $420 | |
| # | Sept. 30, 2016 | Support | Darrell Castle (CON) | President | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $1,000 | |
| # | Aug. 25, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $1,050 |
| # | Aug. 25, 2016 | Oppose | John S Mccain (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $478 |
| # | Aug. 19, 2016 | Support | Paul Gosar | House | AZ-4 | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $38 |
| # | Aug. 19, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $470 |
| # | Aug. 19, 2016 | Oppose | John S Mccain (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $1,266 |
| # | Aug. 14, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $1,445 |
| # | Aug. 14, 2016 | Oppose | John S Mccain (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $2,767 |
| # | July 31, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $2,613 |
| # | July 26, 2016 | Oppose | John S Mccain (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $7 |
| # | July 26, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $192 |
| # | July 20, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $48 |
| # | July 20, 2016 | Oppose | John S Mccain (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $457 |
| # | July 17, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $450 |
| # | July 15, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Christopher Ekstrom | Social Media Buy | $800 |
| # | June 3, 2016 | Oppose | John S Mccain (REP) | Senate | AZ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $125 |
| # | June 3, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $125 |
| # | June 2, 2016 | Oppose | John S Mccain (REP) | Senate | AZ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $125 |
| # | June 2, 2016 | Support | Kelli Ward (REP) | Senate | AZ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $125 |
| # | April 28, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NJ | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $1,170 |
| # | April 28, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NJ | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $585 |
| # | April 27, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NJ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $125 |
| # | April 27, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NJ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $250 |
| # | April 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $738 |
| # | April 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NJ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $433 |
| # | April 18, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $6,638 |
| # | April 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $18 |
| # | April 18, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $159 |
| # | April 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $150 |
| # | April 18, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,350 |
| # | April 15, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Robocalls | $285 |
| # | April 15, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Robocalls | $2,565 |
| # | April 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $255 |
| # | April 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $255 |
| # | March 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | AZ | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $750 |
| # | March 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | AZ | Mountaintop Media | Campaign Buttons | $677 |
| # | March 1, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | VA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media | $375 |
| # | Feb. 25, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | VT | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $894 |
| # | Feb. 20, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Robocall | $3,521 |
| # | Feb. 20, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Robocall | $391 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Robocall | $587 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $720 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $2,402 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Robocall | $3,324 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $249 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $146 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $650 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $829 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $6,484 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Oppose | Hillary Rodham Clinton (DEM) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $88 |
| # | Feb. 18, 2016 | Oppose | Bernard Sanders (DEM) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $88 |
| # | Feb. 16, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $339 | |
| # | Feb. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Media Pruduction | $2,360 | |
| # | Feb. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $911 | |
| # | Feb. 16, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $2,360 | |
| # | Feb. 14, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Robocalls | $2,123 |
| # | Feb. 14, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Robocalls | $236 |
| # | Feb. 12, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad | $19,254 |
| # | Feb. 12, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad | $6,418 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NJ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $110 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad | $50 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad | $231 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $54 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $39 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $181 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Media Production -- NATIONAL -- NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $50 | |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Media Production -- NATIONAL -- NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $450 | |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad - NATIONAL -- NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $325 | |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad -- NATIONAL - NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $672 | |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising -- NATIONAL -- NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $151 | |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $652 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising -- NATIONAL - NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $108 | |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising -- NATIONAL -- NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $1,469 | |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $1,113 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $53 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NY | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $213 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NJ | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $126 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad | $70 |
| # | Feb. 11, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Radio Ad -- NATIONAL -- NOT STATE SPECIFIC | $50 | |
| # | Feb. 1, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Robocalls | $1,188 |
| # | Feb. 1, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Robocall | $1,188 |
| # | Feb. 1, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Robocall - Dobson | $1,445 |
| # | Jan. 25, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $7,046 |
| # | Jan. 25, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $19,376 |
| # | Jan. 25, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $1,683 |
| # | Jan. 25, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media Production | $612 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $1,045 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Jeb Bush (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $31 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Jeb Bush (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy and Production | $79 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Hillary Rodham Clinton (DEM) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $13 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Christopher J Christie (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $13 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Mike Huckabee (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $13 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $17,656 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Donald J Trump (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy and Production | $3,667 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $97 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $1,572 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy and Production | $4,234 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | John S. Mccain | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Advertising | $1 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $30,497 |
| # | Jan. 16, 2016 | Oppose | John S. Mccain | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy and Production | $1 |
| # | Jan. 6, 2016 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $2,053 |
| # | Jan. 6, 2016 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy | $3,545 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,068 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,125 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,200 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $34 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $424 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $452 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $3,344 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Radio Buy | $12,492 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy -- not state specific | $288 | |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy -- not state specific | $9,752 | |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Media Guy | $4,995 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $4,087 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $3,653 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $2,989 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $2,776 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $2,271 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | FL | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $118 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $79 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,195 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $61 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $90 |
| # | Dec. 26, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $2,229 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $229 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $555 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $499 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Guy | $499 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $555 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social media, Iowa | $55 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media New Hampshire | $25 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social media, South Carolina | $114 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social media, Nevada | $55 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,136 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,023 |
| # | Dec. 17, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $254 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $808 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $468 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $370 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NH | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $214 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy | $7,204 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,655 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | SC | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $958 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $808 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $4,171 |
| # | Dec. 16, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | NV | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $468 |
| # | Dec. 1, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,456 |
| # | Dec. 1, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $1,096 |
| # | Dec. 1, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy and Production | $146 |
| # | Dec. 1, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Social Media Buy | $110 |
| # | Dec. 1, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy and Production | $1,455 |
| # | Dec. 1, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy abnd Production | $1,310 |
| # | Nov. 25, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy | $2,698 |
| # | Nov. 25, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy | $300 |
| # | Nov. 25, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media buy | $2,998 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Radio Buy & Produxction | $6,207 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Facebook Ads | $3,340 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Facebook Ads | $250 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Stock Photography | $123 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Stock Photography | $128 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Oppose | Marco Rubio (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Facebook Ads | $2,500 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Radio Buy & Production | $9,069 |
| # | Nov. 20, 2015 | Oppose | Lindsey Graham (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Radio Buy & Production | $679 |
| # | Nov. 5, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Media Buy | $10,000 |
| # | Nov. 5, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | IA | Mountaintop Media | Facebook Promotion | $2,000 |
| # | Oct. 27, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | facebook ads | $1,874 | |
| # | Oct. 21, 2015 | Support | Ted Cruz (REP) | President | Mountaintop Media | Radio Buy & Production | $12,009 |