Skip to content
ProPublica Donate
ProPublica Donate

Epsilon Chi Zeta House Corporation Of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity

  • Starkville, MS
  • Tax-exempt since June 1971
  • EIN: 23-7114590

Organization summary

Type of Nonprofit

Designated as a Corporations created to hold titles for property owned by another nonprofit.

Donations to this organization are not tax deductible.

Summary charts: organization finances over time

Revenue
$16.9k (2024)

Expenses
$113k (2024)

Total Assets
$2.56M (2024)

Total Liabilities
$2.29M (2024)

Source: Form 990 tax filings from 2011 to 2024

Tax Filings by Year

Form 990 is an information return that most organizations claiming federal tax-exempt status must file yearly with the IRS. Nonprofit Explorer has IRS digitized Form 990 data for filings processed in 2012 and later. If this organization filed an amended return, it may not be reflected below. Duplicate download links may indicate a resubmission or amendment to this organization's original return. Form 990 data is from the IRS.

Fiscal Year Ending June
2024

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$16,903
Expenses
$112,658
Net Income
-$95,755
Net Assets
$273,380
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $1,028
6.1%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $23,324
> 100%
Net Fundraising -$7,449
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $44,550
39.5%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $2,564,421
Total Liabilities $2,291,041
Net Assets $273,380
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Gary Ladd (President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Brendan Gorta (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Robert Powers (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Matthew Peterson (High Pi) $0 $0 $0
Connor Nottingham (Chapter President) $0 $0 $0
Robert Young (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Evan Handler (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Zachary Preston (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ross Cruthirds (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on July 24, 2025

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2023

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$158,295
Expenses
$109,294
Net Income
$49,001
Net Assets
$369,135
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $1,428
0.9%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $158,617
> 100%
Net Fundraising -$1,750
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $43,636
39.9%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $2,738,351
Total Liabilities $2,369,216
Net Assets $369,135
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Gary Ladd (President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Brendan Gorta (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Robert Powers (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Matthew Peterson (High Pi) $0 $0 $0
Connor Nottingham (Chapter President) $0 $0 $0
Robert Young (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Evan Handler (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Zachary Preston (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ross Cruthirds (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on July 15, 2024

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2022

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$149,945
Expenses
$79,788
Net Income
$70,157
Net Assets
$435,506
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $503
0.3%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $152,792
> 100%
Net Fundraising -$3,350
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $43,911
55.0%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $2,746,099
Total Liabilities $2,310,593
Net Assets $435,506
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Gary Ladd (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Brendan Gorta (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Iver Vandiver (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Greg Smith (High Pi) $0 $0 $0
Ben Crumby (Chapter President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Scott Baldwin (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Tim Prewitt (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 15, 2023

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2021

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$246,733
Expenses
$167,198
Net Income
$79,535
Net Assets
$365,349
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $693
0.3%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $244,915
99.3%
Net Fundraising $1,125
0.5%
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $42,327
25.3%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $2,915,942
Total Liabilities $2,550,593
Net Assets $365,349
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Gary Ladd (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Cole Durrant (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Iver Vandiver (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Greg Smith (High Pi) $0 $0 $0
Ben Crumby (Chapter President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Scott Baldwin (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Tim Prewitt (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on March 25, 2022

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2020

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$218,436
Expenses
$259,275
Net Income
-$40,839
Net Assets
$300,479
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $784
0.4%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $185,685
85.0%
Net Fundraising $31,967
14.6%
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $39,240
15.1%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $3,008,429
Total Liabilities $2,707,950
Net Assets $300,479
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Gary Ladd (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Cole Durrant (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Iver Vandiver (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Greg Smith (High Pi) $0 $0 $0
Ben Crumby (Chapter President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Scott Baldwin (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Tim Prewitt (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Nov. 10, 2020

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2019

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$93,513
Expenses
$253,578
Net Income
-$160,065
Net Assets
$341,318
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $14,665
15.7%
Program Services $0
Investment Income $786
0.8%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $63,025
67.4%
Net Fundraising $15,037
16.1%
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $15,920
6.3%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $3,100,317
Total Liabilities $2,758,999
Net Assets $341,318
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Scott Baldwin (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Cole Durrant (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Iver Vandiver (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Joshua Andrews (Financial Strategist) $0 $0 $0
Carter Allen (Chapter President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ben Nanney (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Blake Herges (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Brian Maxey (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
John Lenoir (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ronald Carrozza (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Tim Prewitt (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Matthew Jones (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Don Jarratt (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Gary Ladd (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Greg Smith (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Rob Myers (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Nov. 12, 2019

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2018

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$292,566
Expenses
$75,497
Net Income
$217,069
Net Assets
$501,383
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $237,123
81.0%
Program Services $0
Investment Income $925
0.3%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $54,518
18.6%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $6,184
8.2%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $3,305,384
Total Liabilities $2,804,001
Net Assets $501,383
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Mark Ertel (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Cole Durrant (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Ben Nanney (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Scott Baldwin (Chapter Advisor) $0 $0 $0
Joey Tufts (Chapter Rep.) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ewin Henson (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Patrick Plourde (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Rob Myers (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
John Lenoir (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ronald Carrozza (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Jan. 16, 2019

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2017

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$36,865
Expenses
$154,580
Net Income
-$117,715
Net Assets
$284,314
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $34,550
93.7%
Program Services $0
Investment Income $462
1.3%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $1,853
5.0%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,155,798
Total Liabilities $871,484
Net Assets $284,314
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Mark Ertel (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Cole Durrant (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Ben Nanney (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Scott Baldwin (Chapter Advisor) $0 $0 $0
Joey Tufts (Chapter Rep.) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ewin Henson (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Patrick Plourde (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Rob Myers (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
John Lenoir (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ronald Carrozza (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 15, 2018

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2016

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$67,494
Expenses
$54,583
Net Income
$12,911
Net Assets
$402,029
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $18,355
27.2%
Program Services $0
Investment Income $371
0.5%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $48,768
72.3%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $7,169
13.1%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $558,966
Total Liabilities $156,937
Net Assets $402,029

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF
PDF (2 of 2)

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2015

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$101,762
Expenses
$69,728
Net Income
$32,034
Net Assets
$389,118
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $710
0.7%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $101,052
99.3%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $13,315
19.1%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $551,276
Total Liabilities $162,158
Net Assets $389,118
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Mark Ertel (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Allan Summerlin (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Nick O'donnell (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Scott Baldwin (Chapter Advisor) $0 $0 $0
Kent Moore (Chapter Rep.) $0 $0 $0
Jim Oakes (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ewin Henson (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Patrick Plourde (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Rob Myers (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
John Lenoir (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 16, 2016

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2014

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$67,234
Expenses
$50,803
Net Income
$16,431
Net Assets
$357,084
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $742
1.1%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $66,492
98.9%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $10,348
20.4%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $529,264
Total Liabilities $172,180
Net Assets $357,084
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Mark Ertel (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Allan Summerlin (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Mansell Mccord (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
John Hendricks (Chapter Advisor) $0 $0 $0
Patrick Plourde (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
David Stovall (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ewin Henson (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Feb. 24, 2015

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2013

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$70,633
Expenses
$31,116
Net Income
$39,517
Net Assets
$340,653
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $281
0.4%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $70,352
99.6%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $522,318
Total Liabilities $181,665
Net Assets $340,653
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Eric Alred (President) $0 $0 $0
Mark Ertel (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Allan Summerlin (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Mansell Mccord (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
John Hendricks (Chapter Advisor) $0 $0 $0
Mac Fulghum (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Patrick Plourde (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
David Stovall (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
Ewin Henson (At Large Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Aug. 29, 2014

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2012

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from 990-EZ
Revenue
$132,560
Expenses
$92,115
Net Income
$40,445
Net Assets
$301,136
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $132,560
100%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $492,487
Total Liabilities $191,351
Net Assets $301,136

Document Links

990-EZ

Short form tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2011

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from 990-EZ
Revenue
$97,942
Expenses
$61,613
Net Income
$36,329
Net Assets
$260,691
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $0
Program Services $0
Investment Income $97,942
100%
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $458,085
Total Liabilities $197,394
Net Assets $260,691

Document Links

990-EZ

Short form tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2010

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990-EZ

Short form tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2009

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990-EZ

Short form tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2008

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2007

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2006

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2005

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2004

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

About This Data

What Is This Data?

Nonprofit Explorer includes summary data for nonprofit tax returns and full Form 990 documents, in both PDF and digital formats.

The summary data contains information processed by the IRS during the 2012-2019 calendar years; this generally consists of filings for the 2011-2018 fiscal years, but may include older records. This data release includes only a subset of what can be found in the full Form 990s.

In addition to the raw summary data, we link to PDFs and digital copies of full Form 990 documents wherever possible. This consists of separate releases by the IRS of Form 990 documents processed by the agency, which we update regularly.

We also link to copies of audits nonprofit organizations that spent $750,000 or more in Federal grant money in a single fiscal year since 2016. These audits are copied from the Federal Audit Clearinghouse.

Which Organizations Are Here?

Every organization that has been recognized as tax exempt by the IRS has to file Form 990 every year, unless they make less than $200,000 in revenue and have less than $500,000 in assets, in which case they have to file form 990-EZ. Organizations making less than $50,000 don’t have to file either form but do have to let the IRS they’re still in business via a Form 990N "e-Postcard."

Nonprofit Explorer has organizations claiming tax exemption in each of the 27 subsections of the 501(c) section of the tax code, and which have filed a Form 990, Form 990EZ or Form 990PF. Taxable trusts and private foundations that are required to file a form 990PF are also included. Small organizations filing a Form 990N "e-Postcard" are not included in this data.

Types of Nonprofits

There are 27 nonprofit designations based on the numbered subsections of section 501(c) of the tax code. See the list »

Get the Data

For those interested in acquiring the original data from the source, here’s where our data comes from:

  • Raw filing data. Includes EINs and summary financials as structured data.
  • Exempt Organization profiles. Includes organization names, addresses, etc. You can merge this with the raw filing data using EIN numbers.
  • Form 990 documents. Prior to 2017, these documents were obtained and processed by Public.Resource.org and ProPublica. Bulk PDF downloads since 2017 are available from the IRS.
  • Form 990 documents as XML files. Includes complete filing data (financial details, names of officers, tax schedules, etc.) in machine-readable format. Only available for electronically filed documents. Electronic data released prior to October 2021 is also available through Amazon Web Services.
  • Audits. PDFs of single or program-specific audits for nonprofit organizations that spent $750,000 or more in Federal grant money in a single fiscal year. Available for fiscal year 2015 and later.

API

The data powering this website is available programmatically, via an API. Read the API documentation »

See an issue with the data?

Contact Us

About Nonprofit Explorer

Nonprofit Explorer

Browse millions of annual returns filed by tax-exempt organizations with ProPublica’s Nonprofit Explorer. See details like executive compensation, revenue, expenses and more. Search for an organization or a person, or search the full text of filings.

By Andrea Suozzo, Alec Glassford, Ash Ngu and Brandon Roberts.

Design by Jeff Frankl. Additional development by Ken Schwencke, Mike Tigas, and Sisi Wei.

E-file viewer adapted from IRS e-File Viewer by Ben Getson. Code for scraping audit documents adapated from Govwiki.

Updated