PROPUBLICA Fearless Reporting for an Informed Society — Join Us.
DONATE
Skip to content
ProPublica Donate
ProPublica Donate

Community Health Works Inc

  • Macon, GA
  • Tax-exempt since Aug. 2001
  • EIN: 58-2624455

Organization summary

Type of Nonprofit

Designated as a Organizations for any of the following purposes: religious, educational, charitable, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering national or international amateur sports competition (as long as it doesn't provide athletic facilities or equipment), or the prevention of cruelty to children or animals.

Category: Health — General and Rehabilitative / Hospitals and Related Primary Medical Care Facilities (NTEE)

Donations to this organization are tax deductible.

Summary charts: organization finances over time

Revenue
$970k (2023)

Expenses
$997k (2023)

Total Assets
$1.56M (2023)

Total Liabilities
$221k (2023)

Source: Form 990 tax filings from 2012 to 2023

Tax Filings and Audits by Year

Form 990 is an information return that most organizations claiming federal tax-exempt status must file yearly with the IRS. Nonprofit Explorer has IRS digitized Form 990 data for filings processed in 2012 and later. If this organization filed an amended return, it may not be reflected below. Duplicate download links may indicate a resubmission or amendment to this organization's original return. Form 990 data is from the IRS.

Audits are required to be submitted by nonprofit organizations that spend $750,000 or more in federal grant money in a fiscal year. "Single audits" look at the entire organization's finances and compliance, while other audits are program specific. Nonprofit Explorer has PDFs of audits for some nonprofits for fiscal year 2015 and later. Audit data is from the Federal Audit Clearinghouse.

Fiscal Year Ending June
2023

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$970,092
Expenses
$996,549
Net Income
-$26,457
Net Assets
$1,338,411
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $960,139
99.0%
Program Services $7,994
0.8%
Investment Income $1,959
0.2%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $427,330
42.9%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,559,244
Total Liabilities $220,833
Net Assets $1,338,411
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Sarah Sessoms (Coo) $103,000 $0 $0
Fred Ammons (President And Ceo) $54,480 $0 $0
June O Neal (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
John Spence (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Beth Jones (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Charles Hall (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Amanda Hood (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 15, 2024

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2022

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$901,276
Expenses
$710,639
Net Income
$190,637
Net Assets
$1,353,084
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $890,442
98.8%
Program Services $9,242
1.0%
Investment Income $1,592
0.2%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $150,747
21.2%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $222,669
31.3%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,500,872
Total Liabilities $147,788
Net Assets $1,353,084
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Sarah C Sessoms (Coo) $101,232 $0 $0
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $49,515 $0 $0
Beth Jones (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
John Spence (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Alan Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
June O'neal (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Amanda Hood (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 15, 2023

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2021

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$985,925
Expenses
$743,508
Net Income
$242,417
Net Assets
$1,162,447
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $862,141
87.4%
Program Services $120,927
12.3%
Investment Income $2,857
0.3%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $127,415
17.1%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $310,083
41.7%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,329,644
Total Liabilities $167,197
Net Assets $1,162,447
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Sarah C Sessoms (Coo) $102,133 $0 $0
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $25,282 $0 $0
Beth Jones (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
John Spence (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Alan Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
June O'neal (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Amanda Hood (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 16, 2022

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2020

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$561,622
Expenses
$735,795
Net Income
-$174,173
Net Assets
$920,030
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $492,157
87.6%
Program Services $61,489
10.9%
Investment Income $7,976
1.4%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $104,341
14.2%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $174,145
23.7%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,182,487
Total Liabilities $262,457
Net Assets $920,030
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Sarah C Sessoms (Coo) $100,034 $0 $0
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $4,307 $0 $0
Beth Jones (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
John Spence (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Alan Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
June O'neal (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Amanda Hood (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 5, 2021

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2019

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$774,887
Expenses
$906,149
Net Income
-$131,262
Net Assets
$1,094,203
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $735,768
95.0%
Program Services $29,280
3.8%
Investment Income $5,886
0.8%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $3,953
0.5%
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $230,239
25.4%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $250,869
27.7%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,227,985
Total Liabilities $133,782
Net Assets $1,094,203
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $127,302 $0 $0
Sarah C Sessoms (Coo) $102,937 $0 $0
Beth Jones (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Ex Off Brd Mbr) $0 $0 $0
Alan Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
John Spence (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
June O'neal (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Amanda Hood (Chaiman) $0 $0 $0
Ninfa Saunders (Ex Off Board Mb) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on July 15, 2020

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2018

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$1,631,014
Expenses
$2,005,662
Net Income
-$374,648
Net Assets
$1,206,664
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $1,583,997
97.1%
Program Services $34,481
2.1%
Investment Income $4,877
0.3%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $7,659
0.5%
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $250,320
12.5%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $955,731
47.7%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,306,365
Total Liabilities $99,701
Net Assets $1,206,664
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $140,075 $0 $0
Sarah C Sessoms (Coo) $110,245 $0 $0
Beth Jones (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Ex Off Brd Mbr) $0 $0 $0
Alan Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
John Spence (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
June O'neal (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Amanda Hood (Chaiman) $0 $0 $0
Ninfa Saunders (Ex Off Board Mb) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Aug. 18, 2020

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML
View Filing (2 of 2) PDF (2 of 2)
Audit

Audit for an entity that spends $750,000+ in federal grant money in a fiscal year

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2017

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$2,823,761
Expenses
$2,798,574
Net Income
$25,187
Net Assets
$1,330,992
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $2,790,367
98.8%
Program Services $29,822
1.1%
Investment Income $3,282
0.1%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $290
0.0%
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $119,880
4.3%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $1,204,286
43.0%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,520,345
Total Liabilities $189,353
Net Assets $1,330,992
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $125,452 $0 $0
Sarah Sessoms (Ins Ga Exec Director) $101,154 $0 $0
Beth Jones (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
Thad Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Katherine Mc Leod (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Laura Mathis (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Amanda Hood (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Howard Holman (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 15, 2018

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML
Audit

Audit for an entity that spends $750,000+ in federal grant money in a fiscal year

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2016

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$3,095,241
Expenses
$2,930,068
Net Income
$165,173
Net Assets
$1,305,805
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $2,991,356
96.6%
Program Services $93,082
3.0%
Investment Income $4,873
0.2%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $5,930
0.2%
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $115,000
3.9%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $1,054,409
36.0%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,730,354
Total Liabilities $424,549
Net Assets $1,305,805
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $115,000 $0 $0
Cary Martin (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
Thad Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Katherine Mc Leod (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Shannon Harvey (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Nancy Peed (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Ivan Allen (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Melvin Walker (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
William Bina Iii (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
James Singleton (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Kay Floyd (Boards Member) $0 $0 $0
Milton Sampson (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Marsha Buzzell (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Ninfa Saunders (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Feb. 1, 2017

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML
Audit

Audit for an entity that spends $750,000+ in federal grant money in a fiscal year

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2015

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$2,208,099
Expenses
$1,908,445
Net Income
$299,654
Net Assets
$1,140,632
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $2,127,179
96.3%
Program Services $69,432
3.1%
Investment Income $5,289
0.2%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $6,199
0.3%
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $92,281
4.8%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $782,063
41.0%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,473,985
Total Liabilities $333,353
Net Assets $1,140,632
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $92,281 $0 $0
Cary Martin (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
Thad Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Katherine Mc Leod (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Shannon Harvey (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Nancy Peed (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Ivan Allen (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Melvin Walker (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
William Bina Iii (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
James Singleton (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Kay Floyd (Boards Member) $0 $0 $0
Milton Sampson (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Marsha Buzzell (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Ninfa Saunders (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Oct. 21, 2015

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2014

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$1,175,462
Expenses
$962,787
Net Income
$212,675
Net Assets
$840,978
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $785,636
66.8%
Program Services $386,697
32.9%
Investment Income $3,129
0.3%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $81,516
8.5%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $248,613
25.8%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $1,224,186
Total Liabilities $383,208
Net Assets $840,978
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Fred Ammons (Ceo) $81,516 $0 $0
Cary Martin (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Fred Gaton (Chairman) $0 $0 $0
Thad Childs (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Katherine Mc Leod (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Shannon Harvey (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Nancy Peed (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Ivan Allen (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Melvin Walker (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Bill Bina (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
James Singleton (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Kay Floyd (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
David Harvey (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Milton Sampson (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Marsha Buzzell (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Ninfa Saunders (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on Feb. 17, 2015

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2013

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$1,293,512
Expenses
$971,896
Net Income
$321,616
Net Assets
$628,303
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $917,457
70.9%
Program Services $374,856
29.0%
Investment Income $1,199
0.1%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $88,282
9.1%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $292,854
30.1%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $748,265
Total Liabilities $119,962
Net Assets $628,303

Document Links

990
Filed on Jan. 3, 2014

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending June
2012

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$1,761,269
Expenses
$2,197,077
Net Income
-$435,808
Net Assets
$306,687
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $1,408,459
80.0%
Program Services $350,169
19.9%
Investment Income $2,641
0.1%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $132,750
6.0%
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $755,286
34.4%
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $390,580
Total Liabilities $83,893
Net Assets $306,687

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2011

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2010

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2009

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2008

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2007

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2006

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2005

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2004

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2003

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2002

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending June
2001

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

About This Data

Nonprofit Explorer includes summary data for nonprofit tax returns and full Form 990 documents, in both PDF and digital formats.

The summary data contains information processed by the IRS during the 2012-2019 calendar years; this generally consists of filings for the 2011-2018 fiscal years, but may include older records. This data release includes only a subset of what can be found in the full Form 990s.

In addition to the raw summary data, we link to PDFs and digital copies of full Form 990 documents wherever possible. This consists of separate releases by the IRS of Form 990 documents processed by the agency, which we update regularly.

We also link to copies of audits nonprofit organizations that spent $750,000 or more in Federal grant money in a single fiscal year since 2016. These audits are copied from the Federal Audit Clearinghouse.

Which Organizations Are Here?

Every organization that has been recognized as tax exempt by the IRS has to file Form 990 every year, unless they make less than $200,000 in revenue and have less than $500,000 in assets, in which case they have to file form 990-EZ. Organizations making less than $50,000 don’t have to file either form but do have to let the IRS they’re still in business via a Form 990N "e-Postcard."

Nonprofit Explorer has organizations claiming tax exemption in each of the 27 subsections of the 501(c) section of the tax code, and which have filed a Form 990, Form 990EZ or Form 990PF. Taxable trusts and private foundations that are required to file a form 990PF are also included. Small organizations filing a Form 990N "e-Postcard" are not included in this data.

Types of Nonprofits

There are 27 nonprofit designations based on the numbered subsections of section 501(c) of the tax code. See the list »

Get the Data

For those interested in acquiring the original data from the source, here’s where our data comes from:

  • Raw filing data. Includes EINs and summary financials as structured data.
  • Exempt Organization profiles. Includes organization names, addresses, etc. You can merge this with the raw filing data using EIN numbers.
  • Form 990 documents. Prior to 2017, these documents were obtained and processed by Public.Resource.org and ProPublica. Bulk PDF downloads since 2017 are available from the IRS.
  • Form 990 documents as XML files. Includes complete filing data (financial details, names of officers, tax schedules, etc.) in machine-readable format. Only available for electronically filed documents. Electronic data released prior to October 2021 is also available through Amazon Web Services.
  • Audits. PDFs of single or program-specific audits for nonprofit organizations that spent $750,000 or more in Federal grant money in a single fiscal year. Available for fiscal year 2015 and later.

API

The data powering this website is available programmatically, via an API. Read the API documentation »

Byline

By Andrea Suozzo, Alec Glassford and Ash Ngu, ProPublica, and Brandon Roberts, Special to ProPublica.
Design by Jeff Frankl. Additional development by Ken Schwencke, Mike Tigas, and Sisi Wei.

E-file viewer adapted from IRS e-File Viewer by Ben Getson. Code for scraping audit documents adapated from Govwiki.

Updated