Skip to content
ProPublica Donate
ProPublica Donate

Vintage Auto Racing Assn Inc

  • Chino Hills, CA
  • EIN: 95-3357004

Organization summary

Type of Nonprofit

Designated as a Social and recreational clubs.

Summary charts: organization finances over time

Revenue
$380k (2024)

Expenses
$349k (2024)

Total Assets
$85.2k (2024)

Total Liabilities
$0 (2024)

Source: Form 990 tax filings from 2011 to 2024

Tax Filings by Year

Form 990 is an information return that most organizations claiming federal tax-exempt status must file yearly with the IRS. Nonprofit Explorer has IRS digitized Form 990 data for filings processed in 2012 and later. If this organization filed an amended return, it may not be reflected below. Duplicate download links may indicate a resubmission or amendment to this organization's original return. Form 990 data is from the IRS.

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2024

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$379,962
Expenses
$349,249
Net Income
$30,713
Net Assets
$85,225
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $44,815
11.8%
Program Services $335,147
88.2%
Investment Income $0
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $85,225
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $85,225
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Dr Bill Pearce (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Brad Long (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Josh Rodenbush (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Paul Lisce (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Neal Rupp (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Robert Brooks (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Ron Hurst (President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 12, 2025

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2023

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$383,279
Expenses
$373,009
Net Income
$10,270
Net Assets
$60,576
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $47,911
12.5%
Program Services $335,368
87.5%
Investment Income $0
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $60,576
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $60,576
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Dr Bill Pearce (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Brad Long (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Josh Rodenbush (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Paul Lisce (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Robert Brooks (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Ron Hurst (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (President) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 16, 2024

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2022

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$334,924
Expenses
$323,958
Net Income
$10,966
Net Assets
$45,712
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $36,885
11.0%
Program Services $298,039
89.0%
Investment Income $0
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $45,712
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $45,712
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Dr Bill Peirce (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Brad Long (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Tom Jones (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Robert Brooks (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Ron Hurst (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (President) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 15, 2023

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2021

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$316,734
Expenses
$301,791
Net Income
$14,943
Net Assets
$67,761
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $36,110
11.4%
Program Services $280,624
88.6%
Investment Income $0
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $67,761
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $67,761
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Dr Bill Peirce (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Brad Long (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Tom Jones (Board Member) $0 $0 $0
Robert Brooks (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Ron Hurst (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (President) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 11, 2022

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2020

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$241,507
Expenses
$256,262
Net Income
-$14,755
Net Assets
$74,588
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $35,130
14.5%
Program Services $206,364
85.4%
Investment Income $13
0.0%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $74,588
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $74,588
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Brad Long (Director At Lar) $0 $0 $0
Ron Hurst (Director At Lar) $0 $0 $0
Tom Jones (Director At Lar) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (President) $0 $0 $0
John Acampora (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 13, 2021

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2019

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$438,894
Expenses
$374,269
Net Income
$64,625
Net Assets
$73,788
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $39,950
9.1%
Program Services $398,919
90.9%
Investment Income $25
0.0%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $73,788
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $73,788
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
John Wilkins (Director At Lar) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Tom Jones (D Irector At Lar) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (President) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Matt Rose (Director At Lar) $0 $0 $0
Jim Mcdavid (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 4, 2020

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2018

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$313,751
Expenses
$328,723
Net Income
-$14,972
Net Assets
$62,790
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $22,529
7.2%
Program Services $291,222
92.8%
Investment Income $0
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $62,790
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $62,790
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
John Wilkins (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Director) $0 $0 $0
William Rooklidge (Director) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (President) $0 $0 $0
Michael Cohen (Member At Large) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Matt Rose (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Jim Mcdavid (Member At Large) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 2, 2019

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2017

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$374,848
Expenses
$351,983
Net Income
$22,865
Net Assets
$58,575
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $29,985
8.0%
Program Services $344,863
92.0%
Investment Income $0
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $58,575
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $58,575
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
John Wilkins (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Director) $0 $0 $0
William Rooklidge (Director) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (President) $0 $0 $0
Michael Cohen (Member At Large) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Matt Rose (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
Jim Mcdavid (Member At Large) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 18, 2018

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2016

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$396,250
Expenses
$390,784
Net Income
$5,466
Net Assets
$47,883
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $27,045
6.8%
Program Services $369,205
93.2%
Investment Income $0
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $47,883
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $47,883
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
John Wilkins (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Director) $0 $0 $0
William Rooklidge (Director) $0 $0 $0
David Isaac (Director) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (President) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Matt Rose (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 15, 2017

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2015

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$381,130
Expenses
$393,624
Net Income
-$12,494
Net Assets
$50,969
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $30,135
7.9%
Program Services $350,968
92.1%
Investment Income $27
0.0%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $50,969
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $50,969
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
John Wilkins (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Director) $0 $0 $0
Joe Diloreto (Director) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (President) $0 $0 $0
Matt Rose (Director) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Eric Ford (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 7, 2016

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2014

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$339,314
Expenses
$306,717
Net Income
$32,597
Net Assets
$63,462
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $26,440
7.8%
Program Services $312,838
92.2%
Investment Income $36
0.0%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $63,462
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $63,462
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
John Wilkins (Media) $0 $0 $0
Jim Smith (Director) $0 $0 $0
Joe Diloreto (Director) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (President) $0 $0 $0
Matt Rose (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Eric Ford (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 9, 2015

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2013

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$310,803
Expenses
$327,132
Net Income
-$16,329
Net Assets
$48,655
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $25,563
8.2%
Program Services $285,197
91.8%
Investment Income $43
0.0%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $48,655
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $48,655
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0
Compensation
Key Employees and Officers Compensation Related Other
Ken Blasko (Director) $0 $0 $0
Matt Rose (Director) $0 $0 $0
Phil Menedelovitz (Director) $0 $0 $0
John Wilkins (President) $0 $0 $0
Scott Parsons (Vice President) $0 $0 $0
Ken Rodenbush (Treasurer) $0 $0 $0
Eric Ford (Secretary) $0 $0 $0
+ View more people

Document Links

990
Filed on May 8, 2014

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

View Filing
PDF XML

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2012

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$397,747
Expenses
$359,916
Net Income
$37,831
Net Assets
$68,631
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $23,761
6.0%
Program Services $373,958
94.0%
Investment Income $28
0.0%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $68,631
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $68,631
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2011

Extracted Financial Data

Extracted Financial Data from Form 990
Revenue
$339,374
Expenses
$379,786
Net Income
-$40,412
Net Assets
$30,800
Notable Sources of Revenue Percent of Total Revenue
Contributions $23,520
6.9%
Program Services $315,791
93.1%
Investment Income $63
0.0%
Bond Proceeds $0
Royalties $0
Rental Property Income $0
Net Fundraising $0
Sales of Assets $0
Net Inventory Sales $0
Other Revenue $0
Notable Expenses Percent of Total Expenses
Executive Compensation $0
Professional Fundraising Fees $0
Other Salaries and Wages $0
Assets/Debt
Total Assets $30,800
Total Liabilities $0
Net Assets $30,800
Club or Co-Op Income
Initiation Fees & Contributions $0
Income From Public Use of Club Facilities $0

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2010

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2009

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2008

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2007

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2006

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2005

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2004

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

Fiscal Year Ending Dec.
2001

No Extracted Financial Data

Extracted financial data is not available for the forms filed in this tax period, but Form 990 documents are available for download.

Document Links

990

Primary tax return for a nonprofit’s activities, finances, and governance

PDF

About This Data

What Is This Data?

Nonprofit Explorer includes summary data for nonprofit tax returns and full Form 990 documents, in both PDF and digital formats.

The summary data contains information processed by the IRS during the 2012-2019 calendar years; this generally consists of filings for the 2011-2018 fiscal years, but may include older records. This data release includes only a subset of what can be found in the full Form 990s.

In addition to the raw summary data, we link to PDFs and digital copies of full Form 990 documents wherever possible. This consists of separate releases by the IRS of Form 990 documents processed by the agency, which we update regularly.

We also link to copies of audits nonprofit organizations that spent $750,000 or more in Federal grant money in a single fiscal year since 2016. These audits are copied from the Federal Audit Clearinghouse.

Which Organizations Are Here?

Every organization that has been recognized as tax exempt by the IRS has to file Form 990 every year, unless they make less than $200,000 in revenue and have less than $500,000 in assets, in which case they have to file form 990-EZ. Organizations making less than $50,000 don’t have to file either form but do have to let the IRS they’re still in business via a Form 990N "e-Postcard."

Nonprofit Explorer has organizations claiming tax exemption in each of the 27 subsections of the 501(c) section of the tax code, and which have filed a Form 990, Form 990EZ or Form 990PF. Taxable trusts and private foundations that are required to file a form 990PF are also included. Small organizations filing a Form 990N "e-Postcard" are not included in this data.

Types of Nonprofits

There are 27 nonprofit designations based on the numbered subsections of section 501(c) of the tax code. See the list »

Get the Data

For those interested in acquiring the original data from the source, here’s where our data comes from:

  • Raw filing data. Includes EINs and summary financials as structured data.
  • Exempt Organization profiles. Includes organization names, addresses, etc. You can merge this with the raw filing data using EIN numbers.
  • Form 990 documents. Prior to 2017, these documents were obtained and processed by Public.Resource.org and ProPublica. Bulk PDF downloads since 2017 are available from the IRS.
  • Form 990 documents as XML files. Includes complete filing data (financial details, names of officers, tax schedules, etc.) in machine-readable format. Only available for electronically filed documents. Electronic data released prior to October 2021 is also available through Amazon Web Services.
  • Audits. PDFs of single or program-specific audits for nonprofit organizations that spent $750,000 or more in Federal grant money in a single fiscal year. Available for fiscal year 2015 and later.

API

The data powering this website is available programmatically, via an API. Read the API documentation »

See an issue with the data?

Contact Us

About Nonprofit Explorer

Nonprofit Explorer

Browse millions of annual returns filed by tax-exempt organizations with ProPublica’s Nonprofit Explorer. See details like executive compensation, revenue, expenses and more. Search for an organization or a person, or search the full text of filings.

By Andrea Suozzo, Alec Glassford, Ash Ngu and Brandon Roberts.

Design by Jeff Frankl. Additional development by Ken Schwencke, Mike Tigas, and Sisi Wei.

E-file viewer adapted from IRS e-File Viewer by Ben Getson. Code for scraping audit documents adapated from Govwiki.

Updated