• Biodefense Funding and oversight

Duration: April 21, 2008 to March 31, 2016

General Issues: Budget/Appropriations, Homeland Security, Defense, Health Issues, Medical/Disease Research/Clinical Labs, Science/Technology

Spending: about $3,775,905 (But it's complicated. Here's why.)

It can be tricky to figure out how much an organization spent on a particular lobbying engagement. The law only requires lobbyists to report the amount they were paid for federal lobbying each quarter rounded to the nearest $10,000—and if it's less than $3,000 in a given quarter (or less than $13,000 for organizations with in-house lobbyists), they don't have to disclose it at all. Plus, some organizations include spending that doesn’t belong in the report—for instance, money spent lobbying state governments or other legal work.

Agencies lobbied since 2008: U.S. Senate, House of Representatives, Health & Human Services - Dept of (HHS), Defense - Dept of (DOD), White House Office, Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Army - Dept of (Other) , Homeland Security - Dept of (DHS), Natl Institutes of Health (NIH), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)