On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment with an Amendment
Feb. 6, 2018 — Further Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018
Passed by a margin of 63 votes.
Compare the voting records of Stephanie Murphy and Henry Cuellar in 2017-18.
Stephanie Murphy and Henry Cuellar are from the same party and agreed on 85 percent of votes in the 115th Congress (2017-18).
Feb. 6, 2018 — Further Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018
Passed by a margin of 63 votes.
Jan. 18, 2018 — Federal Register Printing Savings Act
Passed by a margin of 33 votes.
Dec. 21, 2017 — Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign Authorization Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 43 votes.
Dec. 7, 2017 — Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes
Passed by a margin of 42 votes.
Oct. 3, 2017 — Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act
Passed by a margin of 48 votes.
Feb. 2, 2017 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Social Security Administration relating to Implementation of the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007
Passed by a margin of 55 votes.
Dec. 20, 2018 — Codifying Useful Regulatory Definitions Act
Failed by a margin of 68 votes.
Nov. 16, 2018 — Manage our Wolves Act
Passed by a margin of 16 votes.
Sept. 26, 2018 — Providing for consideration for the conference report to accompany H.R. 6157, making appropriations for the Department of Defense for FY ending September 30, 2019; and H.Res. 1071, recognizing allowing illegal immigrants the right to vote devalues the franchise and diminishes the voting power of U.S. citizens
Passed by a margin of 42 votes.
Sept. 13, 2018 — Providing for consideration of H.R. 3798, the Save American Workers Act of 2017; and the conference report to accompany H.R. 5895, making appropriations for energy and water development and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019, and for other purposes; and for other purposes
Passed by a margin of 51 votes.
Sept. 6, 2018 — Ensuring Small Scale LNG Certainty and Access Act
Failed by a margin of 53 votes.
July 24, 2018 — Providing for consideration of H.R. 6199, the Restoring Access to Medication and Modernizing Health Savings Accounts Act of 2018; providing for proceedings during the period from July 27, 2018, through September 3, 2018
Passed by a margin of 50 votes.
July 18, 2018 — Pearce of New Mexico Amendment No. 62
Agreed to by a margin of 17 votes.
July 18, 2018 — Goodlatte of Virginia Amendment No. 50
Agreed to by a margin of 11 votes.
July 18, 2018 — Lamborn of Colorado Amendment No. 49
Agreed to by a margin of 12 votes.
July 18, 2018 — McMorris Rodgers of Washington Amendment No. 46
Agreed to by a margin of 42 votes.
July 18, 2018 — Mullin of Oklahoma Amendment No. 44
Agreed to by a margin of 16 votes.
July 18, 2018 — Mullin of Oklahoma Amendment No. 43
Agreed to by a margin of 21 votes.
July 12, 2018 — Reclamation Title Transfer and Non-Federal Infrastructure Incentivization Act
Passed by a margin of 49 votes.
July 11, 2018 — Strengthening Fishing Communities and Increasing Flexibility in Fisheries Management Act
Passed by a margin of 29 votes.
June 28, 2018 — Courtney of Connecticut Amendment No. 29
Failed by a margin of 123 votes.
June 28, 2018 — Gallagher of Wisconsin Amendment No. 8
Failed by a margin of 181 votes.
June 28, 2018 — Gallagher of Wisconsin Amendment No. 7
Failed by a margin of 180 votes.
June 27, 2018 — Providing for further consideration of the bill (H.R. 6157) making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019, and for other purposes, and providing for proceedings during the period from June 29, 2018, through July 9, 2018
Passed by a margin of 45 votes.
June 26, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6157, making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019, and for other purposes; and the bill H.R. 2083, the Endangered Salmon and Fisheries Predation Prevention Act.
Passed by a margin of 50 votes.
June 20, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 6) Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act;providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5797) IMD CARE Act;providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 6082) Overdose Prevention and Patient Safety Act
Passed by a margin of 45 votes.
June 8, 2018 — Making appropriations for energy and water development and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019, and for other purposes
Passed by a margin of 56 votes.
June 8, 2018 — Gohmert of Texas Part B Amendment No. 10
Agreed to by a margin of 11 votes.
June 7, 2018 — Connolly of Virginia Part B Amendment No. 27
Failed by a margin of 60 votes.
June 7, 2018 — Lee of California Part B Amendment No. 26
Failed by a margin of 64 votes.
June 7, 2018 — Beyer of Virginia Part B Amendment No. 18
Failed by a margin of 10 votes.
June 7, 2018 — Tsongas of Massachusetts Part B Amendment No. 13
Failed by a margin of 16 votes.
June 6, 2018
Passed by a margin of 42 votes.
June 6, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the bill (H.R. 3249) Project Safe Neighborhoods Grant Program; providing for consideration of (H.R. 8) the Water Resources Development Act; and providing for consideration of (H.R. 5895) Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act
Passed by a margin of 48 votes.
May 23, 2018 — Polis of Colorado Amendment No. 50
Failed by a margin of 65 votes.
May 23, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5515) National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, and for providing for proceedings during the period from May 25, 2018, through June 4, 2018
Passed by a margin of 46 votes.
May 22, 2018 — Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act
Passed by a margin of 81 votes.
May 22, 2018
Passed by a margin of 40 votes.
May 22, 2018 — Providing for consideration of H.R. 5515, NDAA FY, 2019; providing for consideration of S. 204, Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2017, and providing for consideration of S. 2155, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act
Passed by a margin of 47 votes.
May 18, 2018
Passed by a margin of 20 votes.
May 18, 2018 — Banks of Indiana Amendment No. 31
Agreed to by a margin of 65 votes.
May 18, 2018 — Roskam of Illinois Amendment No. 28
Agreed to by a margin of 308 votes.
May 17, 2018
Passed by a margin of 29 votes.
May 9, 2018 — Standard Merger and Acquisition Reviews Through Equal Rules Act
Passed by a margin of 45 votes.
May 9, 2018 — Citizens’ Right to Know Act
Passed by a margin of 24 votes.
April 27, 2018 — Duncan of Tennessee Part A Amendment No. 114
Agreed to by a margin of 21 votes.
April 26, 2018 — Denham of California Part A Amendment No. 79
Agreed to by a margin of 29 votes.
April 25, 2018 — To provide for operations of the Federal Columbia River Power System pursuant to a certain operation plan for a specified period of time, and for other purposes
Passed by a margin of 36 votes.
April 18, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5444) Taxpayer First Act, and providing for consideration of the (H.R. 5445) 21st Century IRS Act
Passed by a margin of 62 votes.
April 12, 2018 — Proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States
Failed by a margin of 49 votes.
April 10, 2018
Passed by a margin of 65 votes.
March 21, 2018 — Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2018
Passed by a margin of 118 votes.
March 15, 2018 — Maxine Waters of California Part B Amendment No. 1
Failed by a margin of 49 votes.
March 15, 2018 — Regulation At Improvement Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 76 votes.
March 14, 2018 — Providing for consideration of H.R. 4545, the Financial Institutions Examination Fairness and Reform Act; H.R. 1116, the TAILOR Act of 2017; and H.R. 4263, the Regulation At Improvement Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 53 votes.
March 13, 2018 — Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2018
Failed by a margin of 119 votes.
March 8, 2018 — Satisfying Energy Needs and Saving the Environment (SENSE) Act
Passed by a margin of 26 votes.
March 7, 2018 — Blocking Regulatory Interference from Closing Kilns Act
Passed by a margin of 54 votes.
Feb. 15, 2018 — ADA Education and Reform Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 33 votes.
Feb. 15, 2018 — Langevin of Rhode Island Part A Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 38 votes.
Feb. 8, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the Senate Amendment to the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018
Passed by a margin of 31 votes.
Feb. 6, 2018 — Further Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018
Passed by a margin of 63 votes.
Feb. 6, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the bill (H.R. 1892) to amend title 4, United States Code, to provide for the flying of the flag at half-staff in the event of the death of a first responder in the line of duty
Passed by a margin of 48 votes.
Feb. 5, 2018
Passed by a margin of 73 votes.
Jan. 30, 2018 — Child Protection Improvements Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 84 votes.
Jan. 30, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to H.R. 695, the Child Protection Improvements Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 53 votes.
Jan. 20, 2018 — Waiving a Requirement of Clause 6(A) of Rule XIII with Respect to Consideration of Certain Resolutions Reported from the Committee on Rules, and Providing for Consideration of Motions to Suspend the Rules
Passed by a margin of 65 votes.
Jan. 19, 2018 — Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act
Passed by a margin of 58 votes.
Jan. 18, 2018 — Federal Register Printing Savings Act
Passed by a margin of 33 votes.
Jan. 18, 2018 — Home Mortgage Disclosure Adjustment Act
Passed by a margin of 59 votes.
Jan. 10, 2018 — To amend the White Mountain Apache Tribe Water Rights Quantification Act of 2010 to clarify the use of amounts in the WMAT Settlement Fund
Passed by a margin of 66 votes.
Jan. 10, 2018 — Providing for consideration of the bill (S. 139) to implement the use of Rapid DNA instruments to inform decisions about pretrial release or detention and their conditions, to solve and prevent violent crimes and other crimes, to exonerate the innocent, to prevent DNA analysis backlongs, and for other purposes
Passed by a margin of 52 votes.
Dec. 21, 2017 — Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign Authorization Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 43 votes.
Dec. 20, 2017 — Corporate Governance Reform and Transparency Act
Passed by a margin of 56 votes.
Dec. 13, 2017 — Providing for consideration of H.R. 1638, the Iranian Leadership Asset Transparency Act; and providing for consideration of H.R. 4324, the Strengthening Oversight of Iran’s Access to Finance Act
Passed by a margin of 56 votes.
Dec. 7, 2017 — Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes
Passed by a margin of 42 votes.
Dec. 6, 2017 — Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 33 votes.
Dec. 6, 2017 — Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 38) to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide a means by which nonresidents of a State whose residents may carry concealed firearms may also do so in the State
Passed by a margin of 38 votes.
Dec. 6, 2017 — Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 38) to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide a means by which nonresidents of a State whose residents may carry concealed firearms may also do so in the State
Passed by a margin of 47 votes.
Dec. 5, 2017
Passed by a margin of 41 votes.
Dec. 1, 2017
Passed by a margin of 40 votes.
Nov. 30, 2017 — Ensuring a Qualified Civil Service Act
Passed by a margin of 9 votes.
Nov. 30, 2017 — Minnesota’s Economic Rights in the Superior National Forest Act
Passed by a margin of 12 votes.
Nov. 28, 2017 — Superior National Forest Land Exchange Act
Passed by a margin of 210 votes.
Nov. 14, 2017 — Providing for consideration of H.R. 2874, the 21st Century Flood Reform Act; and the conference report to accompany H.R. 2810, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018
Passed by a margin of 46 votes.
Nov. 7, 2017
Passed by a margin of 41 votes.
Nov. 2, 2017 — Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 849, Protecting Seniors Access to Medicare Act.
Passed by a margin of 62 votes.
Nov. 1, 2017 — Resilient Federal Forests Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 44 votes.
Nov. 1, 2017 — Pearce of New Mexico Amendment No. 7
Agreed to by a margin of 52 votes.
Nov. 1, 2017 — Khanna of California Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 43 votes.
Oct. 25, 2017 — Sunshine for Regulations and Regulatory Decrees and Settlements Act
Passed by a margin of 47 votes.
Oct. 24, 2017 — Stop Settlement Slush Funds Act
Passed by a margin of 55 votes.
Oct. 23, 2017
Passed by a margin of 78 votes.
Oct. 12, 2017 — National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018
Failed by a margin of 53 votes.
Oct. 11, 2017 — Providing for consideration of S. 585, the Dr. Chris Kirkpatrick Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017; providing for proceedings during the period from October 16, 2017, through October 20, 2017; and providing for consideration of motions to suspend the rules
Passed by a margin of 49 votes.
Oct. 3, 2017 — Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act
Passed by a margin of 48 votes.
Sept. 27, 2017 — Providing for consideration of H.R. 3823, Disaster Tax Relief and Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2017; and providing for consideration of motions to suspend the rules
Passed by a margin of 33 votes.
Sept. 26, 2017 — Increasing Opportunity and Success for Children and Parents through Evidence-Based Home Visiting Act
Passed by a margin of 5 votes.
Sept. 14, 2017 — Ellison of Minnesota Amendment No. 201
Failed by a margin of 35 votes.
Sept. 14, 2017 — Ellison of Minnesota Amendment No. 200
Failed by a margin of 82 votes.
Sept. 13, 2017 — Walberg of Michigan Amendment No. 173
Agreed to by a margin of 25 votes.
Sept. 13, 2017 — Courtney of Connecticut Amendment No. 164
Failed by a margin of 8 votes.
Sept. 13, 2017 — Murphy of Pennsylvania Amendment No. 155
Failed by a margin of 21 votes.
Sept. 13, 2017 — Buck of Colorado Amendment No. 125
Agreed to by a margin of 35 votes.
Sept. 13, 2017 — Mullin of Oklahoma Amendment No. 74
Agreed to by a margin of 39 votes.
Sept. 13, 2017 — Mullin of Oklahoma Amendment No. 73
Agreed to by a margin of 23 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Young of Alaska Amendment No. 43
Agreed to by a margin of 19 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Ellison of Minnesota Amendment No. 38
Failed by a margin of 24 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Thompson of Pennsylvania Amendment No. 15
Agreed to by a margin of 2 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Grijalva of Arizona Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 30 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Jayapal of Washington Part B Amendment No. 84
Failed by a margin of 50 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Castro of Texas Part B Amendment No. 81
Failed by a margin of 47 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Hunter of California Part B Amendment No. 77
Agreed to by a margin of 77 votes.
Sept. 7, 2017 — Correa of California Part B Amendment No. 76
Failed by a margin of 47 votes.
Sept. 6, 2017 — Smith of Missouri Part B Amendment No. 56
Agreed to by a margin of 30 votes.
Sept. 6, 2017 — Carter of Georgia Part B Amendment No. 17
Failed by a margin of 138 votes.
Sept. 6, 2017
Passed by a margin of 48 votes.
July 27, 2017 — Nadler of New York Part B Amendment No. 38
Failed by a margin of 80 votes.
July 26, 2017 — Esty of Connecticut Amendment No. 44
Failed by a margin of 21 votes.
July 26, 2017 — Norcross of New Jersey Amendment No. 39
Failed by a margin of 55 votes.
July 26, 2017 — Castor of Florida Amendment No. 38
Failed by a margin of 65 votes.
July 24, 2017 — Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018
Failed by a margin of 78 votes.
July 20, 2017 — King Cove Road Land Exchange Act
Passed by a margin of 69 votes.
July 20, 2017 — Grijalva of Arizona Part C Amendment No. 3
Failed by a margin of 93 votes.
July 19, 2017 — Promoting Interagency Coordination for Review of Natural Gas Pipelines Act
Passed by a margin of 69 votes.
July 19, 2017 — Tsongas of Massachusetts Part A Amendment No. 1
Failed by a margin of 69 votes.
July 19, 2017 — Promoting Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure Act
Passed by a margin of 79 votes.
July 19, 2017 — Tsongas of Massachusetts Part B Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 68 votes.
July 19, 2017 — Engel of New York Part B Amendment No. 1
Failed by a margin of 64 votes.
July 18, 2017 — Ozone Standards Implementation Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 30 votes.
July 18, 2017 — McNerney of California Amendment No. 5
Failed by a margin of 46 votes.
July 18, 2017 — Polis of Colorado Amendment No. 4
Failed by a margin of 56 votes.
July 18, 2017 — Tonko of New York Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 59 votes.
July 14, 2017 — Byrne of Alabama Amendment No. 17
Agreed to by a margin of 63 votes.
July 13, 2017 — Tom Rooney of Florida Amendent No. 6
Failed by a margin of 211 votes.
July 13, 2017 — Nadler of New York Part B Amendment No. 6
Failed by a margin of 90 votes.
July 13, 2017 — Jayapal of Washington Part B Amendment No. 5
Failed by a margin of 66 votes.
July 13, 2017 — Conaway of Texas Part B Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 27 votes.
July 12, 2017 — Gaining Responsibility on Water Act
Passed by a margin of 40 votes.
June 29, 2017 — No Sanctuary for Criminals Act
Passed by a margin of 33 votes.
June 28, 2017 — Barr of Kentucky Amendment No. 5
Failed by a margin of 194 votes.
June 28, 2017 — Hudson of North Carolina Amendment No. 4
Agreed to by a margin of 25 votes.
June 22, 2017 — Water Supply Permitting Coordination Act
Passed by a margin of 53 votes.
June 22, 2017 — Lowenthal of California Part B Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 53 votes.
June 13, 2017 — Verify First Act
Passed by a margin of 54 votes.
June 8, 2017 — Buck of Colorado Part B Amendment No. 6
Agreed to by a margin of 48 votes.
June 8, 2017 — Faso of New York Part B Amendment No. 4
Agreed to by a margin of 51 votes.
June 8, 2017 — Hollingsworth of Indiana Part B Amendment No. 2
Agreed to by a margin of 51 votes.
June 8, 2017 — Hensarling of Texas Part B Amendment No. 1
Agreed to by a margin of 47 votes.
May 24, 2017 — Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act
Passed by a margin of 91 votes.
May 19, 2017 — Jackson Lee of Texas Amendment
Failed by a margin of 51 votes.
May 17, 2017 — Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 115) to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide additional aggravating factors for the imposition of the death penalty based on the status of the victim
Passed by a margin of 49 votes.
March 29, 2017 — Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act
Passed by a margin of 34 votes.
March 23, 2017
Passed by a margin of 5 votes.
March 22, 2017 — Small Business Health Fairness Act
Passed by a margin of 61 votes.
March 16, 2017 — Veterans 2nd Amendment Protection Act
Passed by a margin of 65 votes.
March 10, 2017 — Lawsuit Abuse Reduction Act
Passed by a margin of 42 votes.
March 1, 2017 — Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to “Clarification of Employer’s Continuing Obligation to Make and Maintain an Accurate Record of Each Recordable Injury and Illness”
Passed by a margin of 40 votes.
March 1, 2017 — OIRA Insight, Reform, and Accountability Act
Passed by a margin of 57 votes.
Feb. 16, 2017 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule of the Department of the Interior relating to “Non-Subsistence Take of Wildlife, and Public Participation and Closure Procedures, on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska”
Passed by a margin of 32 votes.
Feb. 15, 2017 — Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by States for non-governmental employees.
Passed by a margin of 38 votes.
Feb. 15, 2017 — Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by qualified State political subdivisions for non-governmental employees.
Passed by a margin of 43 votes.
Feb. 14, 2017 — Red River Gradient Boundary Survey Act
Passed by a margin of 79 votes.
Feb. 7, 2017 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to teacher preparation issues
Passed by a margin of 59 votes.
Feb. 7, 2017 — Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior relating to Bureau of Land Management regulations that establish the procedures used to prepare, revise, or amend land use plans pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976
Passed by a margin of 48 votes.
Feb. 3, 2017 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule of the Bureau of Land Management relating to “Waste Prevention, Production Subject to Royalties, and Resource Conservation”
Passed by a margin of 30 votes.
Feb. 2, 2017 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Social Security Administration relating to Implementation of the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007
Passed by a margin of 55 votes.
Feb. 2, 2017 — Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration relating to the Federal Acquisition Regulation
Passed by a margin of 49 votes.
Feb. 1, 2017 — Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior known as the Stream Protection Rule
Passed by a margin of 34 votes.
Feb. 1, 2017 — Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to “Disclosure of Payments by Resource Extraction Issuers”
Passed by a margin of 48 votes.
Jan. 24, 2017 — To prohibit taxpayer funded abortions
Passed by a margin of 55 votes.
Jan. 13, 2017 — To provide for an exception to a limitation against appointment of persons as Secretary of Defense within seven years of relief from active duty as a regular commissioned officer of the Armed Forces
Passed by a margin of 117 votes.
Jan. 12, 2017 — Commodity End-User Relief Act
Passed by a margin of 57 votes.
Jan. 12, 2017 — SEC Regulatory Accountability Act
Passed by a margin of 59 votes.
Jan. 10, 2017 — Clay of Missouri Part B Amendment No. 2
Failed by a margin of 90 votes.
Jan. 10, 2017
Passed by a margin of 86 votes.
Jan. 5, 2017 — Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 50 votes.
Jan. 4, 2017 — Midnight Rules Relief Act of 2017
Passed by a margin of 54 votes.
Correction (Nov. 15, 2019): This page originally included all votes on passage of a bill under the "Major Votes" category. It now only includes votes designated as major by ProPublica.