Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation Repatriation Records — NAGPRA Database

The Repatriation Database Data from Nov. 29, 2023

Where Native American remains made available for return to the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation were taken from

Each county is a peak

Height is amount of remains taken from county and made available by institutions for return to tribe

No remains taken from these counties made available for return to tribe

Institution that made remains available for return

Note: Remains of 22 Native Americans with no location information were made available for return to the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation.

Under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, when an institution establishes a connection between tribes and remains, it must publish a list of the tribes eligible to make a repatriation claim. The remains are then made available for return to the tribe(s). Once a tribal claim is made, physical transfer may occur. Many remains have been physically returned to tribes, but data on this is spotty because the law does not require institutions to report when these transfers occur.

These 30 institutions made Native American remains available for return to the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation.

Institution	Remains Made Available for Return To Tribe
U.S. Department of Defense	300
Yale University, Peabody Museum of Natural History	280
American Museum of Natural History	164
Central Washington University	160
University of Washington	116
Eastern Washington University	70
University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History	40
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Anthropology	38
U.S. Department of the Interior	33
Whitman College, Maxey Museum	31
University of California, Berkeley	25
University of Wyoming	18
Washington State University	15
Oregon State University	10
University of Puget Sound, Puget Sound Museum of Natural History	8
U.S. Department of Agriculture	6
High Desert Museum	4
Wasco County Dalles City Museum Commission	3
California State University, Los Angeles	2
Columbia Gorge Discovery Center and Museum	2
Oregon Museum of Science and Industry	2
University of Arizona, Arizona State Museum	2
University of California, Davis	2
Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission	2
Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology	1
Harvard University	1
Los Angeles County Natural History Museum	1
Milwaukee Public Museum	1
Minnesota Indian Affairs Council	1
University of California, Los Angeles, Fowler Museum of Cultural History	1

Timeline of Native American remains made available for return to the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation

Tribal and institutional capacity, funding, staffing, regulatory changes, audits, Review Committee decisions and litigation may influence timelines. Under NAGPRA, institutions determine whether Native American remains may be returned through cultural affiliation using evidence such as tribal traditional knowledge and biological and archaeological links, or through disposition based on geographic affiliation.

These institutions have not made available for return the remains of at least 700 Native Americans that were taken from counties known to be of interest to the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation.

These are estimates calculated using remains not made available for return from counties that the tribe has previously been eligible to claim remains from, as well as counties that the tribe has indicated interest in to the federal government. They are not comprehensive figures. The tribe may not wish to claim the remains, and other tribes may also seek to claim them.

Institution	Remains Not Made Available for Return That Were Taken From Counties of Interest to the Tribe
Univ. of California, Berkeley	268
Idaho State Historical Society	92
American Museum of Natural History	61
Field Museum	56
Western Washington Univ.	46
Central Washington Univ.	42
Nevada State Museum	32
Portland State Univ.	32
Univ. of Oregon	20
Idaho State Univ.	14
Dept. of the Interior	9 Lahontan National Fish Hatchery (3) Nevada State Office (2) Lake Mead NRA (1) Lewis and Clark NHP (1) Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region (1) Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge (1)
Univ. of Pennsylvania	8
California Dept. of Parks and Recreation	6
Harvard Univ.	6
Oregon State Univ.	5
Natural History Museum of Utah	4
Southern Oregon Univ.	4
Dept. of Defense	4 Naval Air Station, Fallon (2) Walla Walla District (2)
Klamath County Museum	2
Nassau County Dept. of Parks and Recreation	2
Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas	2
Wisconsin Historical Society	2
Earlham College	1
Indiana Univ.	1
Oregon Historical Society	1
Univ. of Arizona	1
Univ. of California, Davis	1
Whitman College, Maxey Museum	1
Willamette Univ.	1

Counties of interest used in estimate include: Lassen and Mono in California. Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Benewah, Bingham, Blaine, Boise, Bonner, Bonneville, Boundary, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark, Clearwater, Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Idaho, Jefferson, Jerome, Kootenai, Latah, Lemhi, Lewis, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Nez Perce, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power, Shoshone, Teton, Twin Falls, Valley and Washington in Idaho. Carson City, Churchill, Clark, Douglas, Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, Lincoln, Lyon, Mineral, Nye, Pershing, Storey, Washoe and White Pine in Nevada. Baker, Benton, Clackamas, Clatsop, Columbia, Coos, Crook, Curry, Deschutes, Douglas, Gilliam, Grant, Harney, Hood River, Jackson, Jefferson, Josephine, Klamath, Lake, Lane, Lincoln, Linn, Malheur, Marion, Morrow, Multnomah, Polk, Sherman, Tillamook, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, Wasco, Washington, Wheeler and Yamhill in Oregon. Adams, Asotin, Benton, Chelan, Clallam, Clark, Columbia, Cowlitz, Douglas, Ferry, Franklin, Garfield, Grant, Grays Harbor, Island, Jefferson, King, Kitsap, Kittitas, Klickitat, Lewis, Lincoln, Mason, Okanogan, Pacific, Pend Oreille, Pierce, San Juan, Skagit, Skamania, Snohomish, Spokane, Stevens, Thurston, Wahkiakum, Walla Walla, Whatcom, Whitman and Yakima in Washington.

Search for institutions holding Native American remains and tribes seeking to reclaim them

Try the University of California, Berkeley, the Chickasaw Nation or Arizona.

Institutions that have not submitted information to the federal government are not listed.

These tribes were also listed when institutions culturally affiliated Native American remains to the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation. Institutions often make remains available for return to multiple tribes, so the amount of remains listed below may be counted for more than one tribe.

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About the Data

This tool presents a dataset maintained by the National Park Service containing all the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects that institutions have reported to the federal government under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The dataset includes information about the state and county where remains and objects were taken from, which institutions hold them and whether they have been made available for return to tribes.

The data is self-reported by institutions. The amount of unrepatriated Native American remains reported by institutions is a minimum estimate of individuals and institutions frequently adjust these numbers when they reinventory groups of remains. Some institutions that are subject to NAGPRA have also entirely failed to report the remains in their possession. As a result, the numbers provided are best taken as estimates. The actual number and geographic scope of what’s held by publicly funded institutions is larger than what is presently documented.

ProPublica supplemented this dataset with information about cultural affiliation and disposition to specific tribes by systematically parsing the text of Notices of Inventory Completion published in the Federal Register. An additional dataset from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Tribal Directory Assessment Tool, was used for the section on remains not made available for return from counties that each tribe has indicated interest in to the federal government.

Institution location and tribal headquarters location information was provided by National NAGPRA. The location of some groups that are not federally recognized was provided through research by ProPublica.

Institutions that are part of a larger entity are grouped. (For example, the Mesa Verde National Park is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior.)

Institutions that have not submitted information to the federal government are not listed. The Smithsonian Institution is not listed because its repatriation process falls under the National Museum of the American Indian Act and it is not required to publicly report its holdings with the same detail as institutions subject to NAGPRA.

If you work for an institution and would like to provide comment on your institution’s repatriation efforts, please email [email protected]. If you think the data is incorrect or have a data request, please get in touch. We are aware of some issues with the accuracy of location information and tribes mistakenly being identified for disposition of Native American remains in published notices.

If you want to share something else with ProPublica, we’d like to hear from you.

If you have questions about implementing or complying with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, get in touch with National NAGPRA or the NAGPRA Community of Practice.

We use the word “tribes” to refer to all groups that institutions made Native American remains available to under NAGPRA. This includes tribes, nations, bands, pueblos, communities, Native Alaskan villages, Native Hawaiian organizations and non-federally recognized groups.

Data sources from Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National NAGPRA Program, the Federal Register, Department of Housing and Development, Tribal Directory Assessment Tool

by Ash Ngu and Andrea Suozzo Jan. 11, 2023 Data from Nov. 29, 2023 Additional reporting by Asia Fields, Mary Hudetz and Logan Jaffe for ProPublica and Graham Brewer for NBC News. Additional development by Alec Glassford.