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The Repatriation Database Data from Nov. 29, 2023

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Nevada and Oregon

A federally recognized Indian tribe with headquarters in Oregon, Nevada

Institutions reported making the remains of more than 100 Native Americans available for return to the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes.

The tribe was also eligible to claim more than 800 associated funerary objects.

Institutions continue to hold the remains of at least 500 Native Americans taken from counties known to be of interest to the tribe.*

Where Native American remains made available for return to the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes were taken from

Each county is a peak
Height is amount of remains taken from county and made available by institutions for return to tribe
No remains taken from these counties made available for return to tribe
Institution that made remains available for return
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Note: Remains of 11 Native Americans with no location information were made available for return to the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes.
Under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, when an institution establishes a connection between tribes and remains, it must publish a list of the tribes eligible to make a repatriation claim. The remains are then made available for return to the tribe(s). Once a tribal claim is made, physical transfer may occur. Many remains have been physically returned to tribes, but data on this is spotty because the law does not require institutions to report when these transfers occur.

These 16 institutions made Native American remains available for return to the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes.

InstitutionRemains Made Available for Return To Tribe
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Anthropology64
U.S. Department of the Interior37
State Center Community College District - Reedly College18
Denver Museum of Nature and Science9
Field Museum4
University of California, Davis3
Harvard University2
State Center Community College District - Fresno City College2
University of Denver, Museum of Anthropology2
University of Nevada, Reno2
American Museum of Natural History1
Milwaukee Public Museum1
U.S. Department of Defense1
University of California, Berkeley1
University of California, Los Angeles, Fowler Museum of Cultural History1
University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History1

Timeline of Native American remains made available for return to the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes

Tribal and institutional capacity, funding, staffing, regulatory changes, audits, Review Committee decisions and litigation may influence timelines. Under NAGPRA, institutions determine whether Native American remains may be returned through cultural affiliation using evidence such as tribal traditional knowledge and biological and archaeological links, or through disposition based on geographic affiliation.

These institutions have not made available for return the remains of at least 500 Native Americans that were taken from counties known to be of interest to the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes.

These are estimates calculated using remains not made available for return from counties that the tribe has previously been eligible to claim remains from, as well as counties that the tribe has indicated interest in to the federal government. They are not comprehensive figures. The tribe may not wish to claim the remains, and other tribes may also seek to claim them.
InstitutionRemains Not Made Available for Return That Were Taken From Counties of Interest to the Tribe
Univ. of California, Berkeley358
Natural History Museum of Utah56
Cal. State, Chico41
Nevada State Museum32
Los Angeles County Natural History Museum22
Dept. of the Interior17
Utah State Office (5)
Lahontan National Fish Hatchery (3)
BIA (2)
Nevada State Office (2)
Lake Mead NRA (1)
Reclamation, Great Plains Region, Wyoming Area Office (1)
Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region (1)
Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge (1)
Wyoming State Office (1)
Dept. of Agriculture11
American Museum of Natural History8
California Dept. of Parks and Recreation7
Eastern California Museum4
Dept. of Defense3
Naval Air Station, Fallon (2)
National Museum of Health and Medicine (1)
Harvard Univ.2
Klamath County Museum2
Nassau County Dept. of Parks and Recreation2
Southern Utah Univ. Archeological Repository2
Univ. of California, Davis2
Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas2
Brigham Young Univ.1
Oregon State Univ.1
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville1
Univ. of Wyoming1
Counties of interest used in estimate include: Alpine, Fresno, Inyo, Lassen, Merced, Modoc, Mono, Plumas and Tulare in California. Carson City, Churchill, Clark, Douglas, Esmeralda, Humboldt, Lander, Lincoln, Lyon, Mineral, Nye, Pershing, Storey, Washoe and White Pine in Nevada. Harney, Lake and Malheur in Oregon. Kane, Salt Lake and Wayne in Utah. Fremont and Sublette in Wyoming
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About the Data

This tool presents a dataset maintained by the National Park Service containing all the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects that institutions have reported to the federal government under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The dataset includes information about the state and county where remains and objects were taken from, which institutions hold them and whether they have been made available for return to tribes.

The data is self-reported by institutions. The amount of unrepatriated Native American remains reported by institutions is a minimum estimate of individuals and institutions frequently adjust these numbers when they reinventory groups of remains. Some institutions that are subject to NAGPRA have also entirely failed to report the remains in their possession. As a result, the numbers provided are best taken as estimates. The actual number and geographic scope of what’s held by publicly funded institutions is larger than what is presently documented.

ProPublica supplemented this dataset with information about cultural affiliation and disposition to specific tribes by systematically parsing the text of Notices of Inventory Completion published in the Federal Register. An additional dataset from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Tribal Directory Assessment Tool, was used for the section on remains not made available for return from counties that each tribe has indicated interest in to the federal government.

Institution location and tribal headquarters location information was provided by National NAGPRA. The location of some groups that are not federally recognized was provided through research by ProPublica.

Institutions that are part of a larger entity are grouped. (For example, the Mesa Verde National Park is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior.)

Institutions that have not submitted information to the federal government are not listed. The Smithsonian Institution is not listed because its repatriation process falls under the National Museum of the American Indian Act and it is not required to publicly report its holdings with the same detail as institutions subject to NAGPRA.

If you work for an institution and would like to provide comment on your institution’s repatriation efforts, please email [email protected]. If you think the data is incorrect or have a data request, please get in touch. We are aware of some issues with the accuracy of location information and tribes mistakenly being identified for disposition of Native American remains in published notices.

If you want to share something else with ProPublica, we’d like to hear from you.

If you have questions about implementing or complying with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, get in touch with National NAGPRA or the NAGPRA Community of Practice.

We use the word “tribes” to refer to all groups that institutions made Native American remains available to under NAGPRA. This includes tribes, nations, bands, pueblos, communities, Native Alaskan villages, Native Hawaiian organizations and non-federally recognized groups.

Data sources from Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National NAGPRA Program, the Federal Register, Department of Housing and Development, Tribal Directory Assessment Tool