Treatment Tracker

The Doctors and Services in Medicare Part B

This database was last updated in December 2017. It should only be used as a historical snapshot. More recent data is available via the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ lookup tool.

How This Provider Compares

This Provider

Avg in State & Specialty

Providers in this state and specialty were reimbursed, on average, $284 per patient in 2015.
They performed about 5 services per patient. Here’s how this provider compares.

Number of
Patients
745
Rank: 163rd
out of 2,119 providers in this state & specialty
Services
Performed
11,840
Rank: 29th
out of 2,119 providers in this state & specialty
Avg Services
Per Patient
15.9 This Provider is in the top 10%
Avg 5.4
Total Paid
by Medicare
$361K
Rank: 52nd
out of 2,119 providers in this state & specialty
Avg Paid
Per Patient
$484 This Provider is in the top 10%
Avg $284

Note: About 18% of this provider’s Medicare payments were for drugs administered in his office.
This is intended to reimburse the provider for purchasing the drugs, plus an additional percentage for overhead.

How This Provider’s Patients Compare

Doctors often say their patients are sicker or more complex than those of their peers. The measure displayed below, used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, takes into account patients’ characteristics to estimate whether they are expected to have above-average Medicare spending. It considers patients’ age, sex, diagnoses from the past year and other factors. This provider’s score below takes into account all of his Part B patients.

This Provider's Patients
Expected to have lower spending
Expected to have higher spending

This Provider's Services

This provider performed 99 different services in 2015
(50 were redacted as they were performed on less than 11 patients)

All Services

Show Only:

Drug Services
Medical Services
CATEGORY
Description of Service
Times Performed (or Units) This Service's Rank Patients Unique Visits
Per Patient
Billed to Medicare Payments from Medicare
drug
DRUGS

Injection, denosumab, 1 mg

Service Code: J0897
Performed in an office
1,620
times performed,
14% of his services

1st 7th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

18
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1.5
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.5)
$23,781.60an average of $14.68 per time performed $18,273.60
an average of $11.28 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes ×

Service Code: 99214
Performed in an office
1,554
times performed,
13% of his services

2nd 1st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

566
patients got this service, 76% of his patients
2.7
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.2)
$180,015.36an average of $115.84 per time performed $126,076.02
an average of $81.13 per time performed
medical
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Insertion of needle into vein for collection of blood sample +

Insertion of needle into vein for collection of blood sample ×

Service Code: 36415
Performed in an office
981
times performed,
8% of his services

3rd 4th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

490
patients got this service, 66% of his patients
2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.9)
$2,972.43an average of $3.03 per time performed $2,884.14
an average of $2.94 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Blood test, comprehensive group of blood chemicals

Service Code: 80053
Performed in an office
727
times performed,
6% of his services

4th 17th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

435
patients got this service, 58% of his patients
1.7
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.6)
$10,606.93an average of $14.59 per time performed $8,665.84
an average of $11.92 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 5 minutes ×

Service Code: 99211
Performed in an office
698
times performed,
6% of his services

5th 30th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

399
patients got this service, 54% of his patients
1.7
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 3)
$15,111.70an average of $21.65 per time performed $9,583.54
an average of $13.73 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Complete blood cell count (red cells, white blood cell, p... +

Complete blood cell count (red cells, white blood cell, platelets), automated test ×

Service Code: 85025
Performed in an office
601
times performed,
5% of his services

6th 16th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

404
patients got this service, 54% of his patients
1.5
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.5)
$6,454.74an average of $10.74 per time performed $6,232.37
an average of $10.37 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Blood test, lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides)

Service Code: 80061
Performed in an office
509
times performed,
4% of his services

7th 20th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

354
patients got this service, 48% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.4)
$8,530.84an average of $16.76 per time performed $6,382.86
an average of $12.54 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Ldl cholesterol level

Service Code: 83721
Performed in an office
508
times performed,
4% of his services

8th 93rd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

353
patients got this service, 47% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.6)
$6,614.16an average of $13.02 per time performed $6,461.76
an average of $12.72 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Blood test, thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

Service Code: 84443
Performed in an office
332
times performed,
3% of his services

9th 25th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

245
patients got this service, 33% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$7,632.68an average of $22.99 per time performed $7,440.12
an average of $22.41 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Hemoglobin a1c level

Service Code: 83036
Performed in an office
281
times performed,
2% of his services

10th 22nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

170
patients got this service, 23% of his patients
1.7
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.7)
$3,560.27an average of $12.67 per time performed $3,490.02
an average of $12.42 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes ×

Service Code: 99213
Performed in an office
261
times performed,
2% of his services

11th 2nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

188
patients got this service, 25% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.2)
$20,397.15an average of $78.15 per time performed $15,221.52
an average of $58.32 per time performed
medical
PROCEDURES

Administration of influenza virus vaccine

Service Code: G0008
Performed in an office
259
times performed,
2% of his services

12th 6th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

257
patients got this service, 34% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$7,138.04an average of $27.56 per time performed $6,980.05
an average of $26.95 per time performed
drug
MEDICINE

Vaccine for influenza for injection into muscle

Service Code: 90662
Performed in an office
255
times performed,
2% of his services

13th 19th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

253
patients got this service, 34% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$9,264.15an average of $36.33 per time performed $9,044.85
an average of $35.47 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Manual urinalysis test with examination using microscope +

Manual urinalysis test with examination using microscope ×

Service Code: 81001
Performed in an office
249
times performed,
2% of his services

14th 52nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

208
patients got this service, 28% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$1,073.19an average of $4.31 per time performed $1,050.78
an average of $4.22 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Blood test, clotting time

Service Code: 85610
Performed in an office
234
times performed,
2% of his services

15th 24th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

84
patients got this service, 11% of his patients
2.8
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 6.5)
$1,368.90an average of $5.85 per time performed $1,174.68
an average of $5.02 per time performed
medical
PROCEDURES

Administration of pneumococcal vaccine

Service Code: G0009
Performed in an office
231
times performed,
2% of his services

16th 9th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

229
patients got this service, 31% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$6,260.10an average of $27.10 per time performed $6,135.36
an average of $26.56 per time performed
drug
MEDICINE

Pneumococcal vaccine for injection into muscle

Service Code: 90670
Performed in an office
231
times performed,
2% of his services

17th 10th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

229
patients got this service, 31% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$37,567.53an average of $162.63 per time performed $36,772.89
an average of $159.19 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 40 minutes ×

Service Code: 99215
Performed in an office
230
times performed,
2% of his services

18th 11th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

210
patients got this service, 28% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.4)
$36,199.70an average of $157.39 per time performed $25,398.90
an average of $110.43 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Thyroid hormone, t3 measurement

Service Code: 84481
Performed in an office
176
times performed,
1% of his services

19th 90th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

141
patients got this service, 19% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.4)
$2,787.84an average of $15.84 per time performed $2,731.52
an average of $15.52 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Thyroxine (thyroid chemical) measurement

Service Code: 84439
Performed in an office
175
times performed,
1% of his services

20th 44th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

140
patients got this service, 19% of his patients
1.3
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$2,147.25an average of $12.27 per time performed $2,103.50
an average of $12.02 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Red blood cell sedimentation rate, to detect inflammation +

Red blood cell sedimentation rate, to detect inflammation ×

Service Code: 85651
Performed in an office
139
times performed,
1% of his services

21st 105th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

117
patients got this service, 16% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$606.04an average of $4.36 per time performed $593.53
an average of $4.27 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 35 minutes ... +

Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 35 minutes per day ×

Service Code: 99233
Performed in a facility
132
times performed,
1% of his services

22nd 5th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

50
patients got this service, 7% of his patients
2.6
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.1)
$14,611.08an average of $110.69 per time performed $10,998.24
an average of $83.32 per time performed
medical
MEDICINE

Routine ekg using at least 12 leads including interpretat... +

Routine ekg using at least 12 leads including interpretation and report ×

Service Code: 93000
Performed in an office
121
times performed,
1% of his services

23rd 8th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

116
patients got this service, 16% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$2,309.89an average of $19.09 per time performed $1,723.04
an average of $14.24 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Blood test, basic group of blood chemicals

Service Code: 80048
Performed in an office
102
times performed,
0.86% of his services

24th 37th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

88
patients got this service, 12% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.5)
$1,174.02an average of $11.51 per time performed $1,112.82
an average of $10.91 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Vitamin d-3 level

Service Code: 82306
Performed in an office
85
times performed,
0.72% of his services

25th 59th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

80
patients got this service, 11% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$3,461.20an average of $40.72 per time performed $3,355.80
an average of $39.48 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin b-12) level

Service Code: 82607
Performed in an office
79
times performed,
0.67% of his services

26th 95th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

72
patients got this service, 10% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$1,621.08an average of $20.52 per time performed $1,587.90
an average of $20.10 per time performed
medical
MEDICINE

Injection beneath the skin or into muscle for therapy, di... +

Injection beneath the skin or into muscle for therapy, diagnosis, or prevention ×

Service Code: 96372
Performed in an office
75
times performed,
0.63% of his services

27th 28th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

30
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
2.5
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 3.1)
$2,063.25an average of $27.51 per time performed $1,580.25
an average of $21.07 per time performed
medical
PROCEDURES

Prostate cancer screening; prostate specific antigen test... +

Prostate cancer screening; prostate specific antigen test (psa) ×

Service Code: G0103
Performed in an office
55
times performed,
0.46% of his services

28th 108th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

55
patients got this service, 7% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$1,377.20an average of $25.04 per time performed $1,349.15
an average of $24.53 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Ferritin (blood protein) level

Service Code: 82728
Performed in an office
55
times performed,
0.46% of his services

29th 110th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

40
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$1,019.70an average of $18.54 per time performed $999.35
an average of $18.17 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Iron level

Service Code: 83540
Performed in an office
55
times performed,
0.46% of his services

30th 106th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

40
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$484.55an average of $8.81 per time performed $474.65
an average of $8.63 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Iron binding capacity

Service Code: 83550
Performed in an office
55
times performed,
0.46% of his services

31st 108th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

40
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$654.50an average of $11.90 per time performed $641.30
an average of $11.66 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Evaluation of antimicrobial drug (antibiotic, antifungal,... +

Evaluation of antimicrobial drug (antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) ×

Service Code: 87184
Performed in an office
51
times performed,
0.43% of his services

32nd 232nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

44
patients got this service, 6% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$432.48an average of $8.48 per time performed $423.81
an average of $8.31 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Urine microalbumin (protein) analysis

Service Code: 82044
Performed in an office
50
times performed,
0.42% of his services

33rd 111th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

48
patients got this service, 6% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.4)
$311.00an average of $6.22 per time performed $305.00
an average of $6.10 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Creatinine level to test for kidney function or muscle in... +

Creatinine level to test for kidney function or muscle injury ×

Service Code: 82570
Performed in an office
50
times performed,
0.42% of his services

34th 57th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

48
patients got this service, 6% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$280.00an average of $5.60 per time performed $274.50
an average of $5.49 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Folic acid level

Service Code: 82746
Performed in an office
47
times performed,
0.4% of his services

35th 163rd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

45
patients got this service, 6% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$940.94an average of $20.02 per time performed $921.67
an average of $19.61 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 4... +

New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 45 minutes ×

Service Code: 99204
Performed in an office
45
times performed,
0.38% of his services

36th 49th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

45
patients got this service, 6% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$7,948.80an average of $176.64 per time performed $5,665.95
an average of $125.91 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Bacterial colony count, urine

Service Code: 87086
Performed in an office
45
times performed,
0.38% of his services

37th 192nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

38
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$494.55an average of $10.99 per time performed $484.65
an average of $10.77 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Psa (prostate specific antigen) measurement

Service Code: 84153
Performed in an office
39
times performed,
0.33% of his services

38th 91st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

30
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1.3
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$976.56an average of $25.04 per time performed $956.67
an average of $24.53 per time performed
medical

Transitional care management services, highly complexity,... +

Transitional care management services, highly complexity, requiring face-to-face visits within 7 days of discharge ×

Service Code: 99496
Performed in an office
35
times performed,
0.3% of his services

39th 83rd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

34
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$8,684.20an average of $248.12 per time performed $6,742.40
an average of $192.64 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Hospital discharge day management, more than 30 minutes

Service Code: 99239
Performed in a facility
31
times performed,
0.26% of his services

40th 14th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

26
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$3,539.58an average of $114.18 per time performed $2,754.35
an average of $88.85 per time performed
medical
AUDITORY SYSTEM

Removal of impact ear wax, one ear

Service Code: 69210
Performed in an office
27
times performed,
0.23% of his services

41st 96th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

26
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$1,448.82an average of $53.66 per time performed $1,089.72
an average of $40.36 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Bone density measurement using dedicated x-ray machine

Service Code: 77080
Performed in an office
24
times performed,
0.2% of his services

42nd 121st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

24
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$1,083.84an average of $45.16 per time performed $1,051.68
an average of $43.82 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Uric acid level, blood

Service Code: 84550
Performed in an office
20
times performed,
0.17% of his services

43rd 71st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

17
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.4)
$123.00an average of $6.15 per time performed $83.20
an average of $4.16 per time performed
medical
PROCEDURES

Physician certification for medicare-covered home health ... +

Physician certification for medicare-covered home health services under a home health plan of care (patient not present), including contacts with home health agency and review of reports of patient status required by physicians to affirm the initial imple ×

Service Code: G0180
Performed in an office
17
times performed,
0.14% of his services

44th 55th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

14
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$979.20an average of $57.60 per time performed $718.08
an average of $42.24 per time performed
medical

Transitional care management services, moderately complex... +

Transitional care management services, moderately complexity, requiring face-to-face visits within 14 days of discharge ×

Service Code: 99495
Performed in an office
14
times performed,
0.12% of his services

45th 85th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

14
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$2,475.76an average of $176.84 per time performed $1,764.70
an average of $126.05 per time performed
medical
MEDICINE

Measurement and graphic recording of total and timed exha... +

Measurement and graphic recording of total and timed exhaled air capacity ×

Service Code: 94010
Performed in an office
13
times performed,
0.11% of his services

46th 84th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

13
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$516.49an average of $39.73 per time performed $397.02
an average of $30.54 per time performed
medical
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Aspiration and/or injection of large joint or joint capsule +

Aspiration and/or injection of large joint or joint capsule ×

Service Code: 20610
Performed in an office
12
times performed,
0.1% of his services

47th 103rd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

12
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.5)
$971.40an average of $80.95 per time performed $546.36
an average of $45.53 per time performed
medical
PROCEDURES

Annual wellness visit, includes a personalized prevention... +

Annual wellness visit, includes a personalized prevention plan of service (pps), subsequent visit ×

Service Code: G0439
Performed in an office
11
times performed,
0.09% of his services

48th 13th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

11
patients got this service, 1% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$1,375.99an average of $125.09 per time performed $1,335.07
an average of $121.37 per time performed
medical
MEDICINE

Ultrasound scanning of blood flow (outside the brain) on ... +

Ultrasound scanning of blood flow (outside the brain) on both sides of head and neck ×

Service Code: 93880
Performed in an office
11
times performed,
0.09% of his services

49th 104th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

11
patients got this service, 1% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$1,987.15an average of $180.65 per time performed $1,408.11
an average of $128.01 per time performed

Office Visits

Medicare reimburses office visits using a five-point scale, with five being the most intensive and costly. The chart below shows what percentage of this provider’s office visits were reimbursed at each level. A higher than average proportion of costly visits is not necessarily an indication of a problem, but it may be worth asking about.

Hover over each slice to see percentage breakdown.

This provider charged Medicare for about the same percentage of 5’s as his peers

1234512345
Frederick Karkowski
Average for Internal Medicine Providers in Maryland

Notes: Medicare redacted this data for any services provided to fewer than 11 patients. The contact information listed above is the most current we have for this provider. The services listed on this page may have been delivered at a previous address or as part of a different practice.

Incorrect Info? If you are a provider and you believe your address is incorrect, check the listing you created on the National Provider Identifier registry. If you change your listing, send a note to checkup@propublica.org and we will update your information. If you have other questions about this data, send a note to checkup@propublica.org. Here's a link to Medicare's data on this provider.

Sources: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, American Medical Association

Services that begin with a letter come from CMS. All other codes and descriptions of the medical procedures are from the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code set, copyright 2015 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Where practical, AMA’s consumer friendly translation of the CPT descriptor was used. ProPublica has received permission from the AMA to use these codes on this site.

Read our methodology.