Treatment Tracker

The Doctors and Services in Medicare Part B

This database was last updated in December 2017. It should only be used as a historical snapshot. More recent data is available via the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ lookup tool.

How This Provider Compares

This Provider

Avg in State & Specialty

Providers in this state and specialty were reimbursed, on average, $406 per patient in 2015.
They performed about 18 services per patient. Here’s how this provider compares.

Number of
Patients
488
Rank: 288th
out of 675 providers in this state & specialty
Services
Performed
12,170
Rank: 127th
out of 675 providers in this state & specialty
Avg Services
Per Patient
24.9 This Provider
Avg 18.3
Total Paid
by Medicare
$829K
Rank: 17th
out of 675 providers in this state & specialty
Avg Paid
Per Patient
$1,699 This Provider is in the top 10%
Avg $406

How This Provider’s Patients Compare

Doctors often say their patients are sicker or more complex than those of their peers. The measure displayed below, used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, takes into account patients’ characteristics to estimate whether they are expected to have above-average Medicare spending. It considers patients’ age, sex, diagnoses from the past year and other factors. This provider’s score below takes into account all of his Part B patients.

This Provider's Patients
Expected to have lower spending
Expected to have higher spending

This Provider's Services

This provider performed 106 different services in 2015
(58 were redacted as they were performed on less than 11 patients)

All Services

Show Only:

Drug Services
Medical Services
CATEGORY
Description of Service
Times Performed (or Units) This Service's Rank Patients Unique Visits
Per Patient
Billed to Medicare Payments from Medicare
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes ×

Service Code: 99214
Performed in an office
1,548
times performed,
13% of his services

1st 5th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

426
patients got this service, 87% of his patients
3.6
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.6)
$354,012.12an average of $228.69 per time performed $139,087.80
an average of $89.85 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Ultrasound measurement of bladder capacity after voiding +

Ultrasound measurement of bladder capacity after voiding ×

Service Code: 51798
Performed in an office
1,487
times performed,
12% of his services

2nd 6th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

406
patients got this service, 83% of his patients
3.7
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.6)
$70,260.75an average of $47.25 per time performed $24,907.25
an average of $16.75 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Automated urinalysis test

Service Code: 81003
Performed in an office
1,417
times performed,
12% of his services

3rd 11th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

396
patients got this service, 81% of his patients
3.6
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.8)
$11,973.65an average of $8.45 per time performed $4,251.00
an average of $3.00 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Creatinine level to test for kidney function or muscle in... +

Creatinine level to test for kidney function or muscle injury ×

Service Code: 82570
Performed in an office
1,416
times performed,
12% of his services

4th 24th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

396
patients got this service, 81% of his patients
3.6
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.4)
$26,125.20an average of $18.45 per time performed $9,770.40
an average of $6.90 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Ultrasound of pelvis

Service Code: 76856
Performed in an office
572
times performed,
5% of his services

5th 22nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

371
patients got this service, 76% of his patients
1.5
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.7)
$139,779.64an average of $244.37 per time performed $49,443.68
an average of $86.44 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Ultrasound behind abdominal cavity

Service Code: 76770
Performed in an office
567
times performed,
5% of his services

6th 35th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

369
patients got this service, 76% of his patients
1.5
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$155,437.38an average of $274.14 per time performed $54,154.17
an average of $95.51 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 5 minutes ×

Service Code: 99211
Performed in an office
553
times performed,
5% of his services

7th 37th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

262
patients got this service, 54% of his patients
2.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.1)
$31,465.70an average of $56.90 per time performed $8,848.00
an average of $16.00 per time performed
medical
NERVOUS SYSTEM

Implantation of lower leg neurostimulator electrode, acce... +

Implantation of lower leg neurostimulator electrode, accessed through the skin ×

Service Code: 64566
Performed in an office
461
times performed,
4% of his services

8th 34th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

39
patients got this service, 8% of his patients
11.8
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 7.4)
$120,551.50an average of $261.50 per time performed $49,456.08
an average of $107.28 per time performed
medical
MEDICINE

Ultrasound limited scan of abdominal, pelvic, and/or scro... +

Ultrasound limited scan of abdominal, pelvic, and/or scrotal arterial inflow and venous outflow ×

Service Code: 93976
Performed in an office
445
times performed,
4% of his services

9th 92nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

336
patients got this service, 69% of his patients
1.3
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$177,150.05an average of $398.09 per time performed $65,423.90
an average of $147.02 per time performed
medical
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Insertion of needle into vein for collection of blood sample +

Insertion of needle into vein for collection of blood sample ×

Service Code: 36415
Performed in an office
378
times performed,
3% of his services

10th 17th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

175
patients got this service, 36% of his patients
2.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.6)
$2,808.54an average of $7.43 per time performed $1,111.32
an average of $2.94 per time performed
drug
ADMINISTRATIVE

Injection, gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast a... +

Injection, gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agent, not otherwise specified (nos), per ml ×

Service Code: A9579
Performed in an office
341
times performed,
3% of his services

11th 91st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

21
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$1,705.00an average of $5.00 per time performed $514.91
an average of $1.51 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Pathology examination of tissue using a microscope, inter... +

Pathology examination of tissue using a microscope, intermediate complexity ×

Service Code: 88305
Performed in an office
272
times performed,
2% of his services

12th 40th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

37
patients got this service, 8% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$46,560.96an average of $171.18 per time performed $11,715.04
an average of $43.07 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Cell examination of specimen

Service Code: 88112
Performed in an office
266
times performed,
2% of his services

13th 79th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

193
patients got this service, 40% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$45,475.36an average of $170.96 per time performed $14,808.22
an average of $55.67 per time performed
medical
PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY

Cell examination of urine

Service Code: 88120
Performed in an office
249
times performed,
2% of his services

14th 92nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

182
patients got this service, 37% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$349,650.78an average of $1,404.22 per time performed $138,033.15
an average of $554.35 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 10 minutes ×

Service Code: 99212
Performed in an office
241
times performed,
2% of his services

15th 20th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

166
patients got this service, 34% of his patients
1.5
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.7)
$24,061.44an average of $99.84 per time performed $9,215.84
an average of $38.24 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Bladder irrigation and/or instillation

Service Code: 51700
Performed in an office
157
times performed,
1% of his services

16th 39th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

121
patients got this service, 25% of his patients
1.3
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.1)
$30,830.09an average of $196.37 per time performed $5,841.97
an average of $37.21 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Diagnostic examination of the bladder and bladder canal (... +

Diagnostic examination of the bladder and bladder canal (urethra) using an endoscope ×

Service Code: 52000
Performed in an office
140
times performed,
1% of his services

17th 14th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

131
patients got this service, 27% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$63,684.60an average of $454.89 per time performed $17,619.00
an average of $125.85 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes ×

Service Code: 99213
Performed in an office
133
times performed,
1% of his services

18th 4th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

79
patients got this service, 16% of his patients
1.7
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.8)
$20,580.42an average of $154.74 per time performed $8,166.20
an average of $61.40 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Electronic assessment of bladder emptying

Service Code: 51741
Performed in an office
105
times performed,
0.86% of his services

19th 18th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

103
patients got this service, 21% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.4)
$6,549.90an average of $62.38 per time performed $736.05
an average of $7.01 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 4... +

New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 45 minutes ×

Service Code: 99204
Performed in an office
84
times performed,
0.69% of his services

20th 19th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

84
patients got this service, 17% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$29,440.32an average of $350.48 per time performed $10,865.40
an average of $129.35 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Insertion of electronic device into bladder with voiding ... +

Insertion of electronic device into bladder with voiding and bladder canal (urethra) pressure studies ×

Service Code: 51729
Performed in an office
77
times performed,
0.63% of his services

21st 75th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

77
patients got this service, 16% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$57,080.10an average of $741.30 per time performed $23,400.30
an average of $303.90 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Non-needle measurement and recording of electrical activi... +

Non-needle measurement and recording of electrical activity of muscles at bladder and bowel openings ×

Service Code: 51784
Performed in an office
77
times performed,
0.63% of his services

22nd 54th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

77
patients got this service, 16% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$35,349.93an average of $459.09 per time performed $6,606.60
an average of $85.80 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Insertion of device into the abdomen with measurement of ... +

Insertion of device into the abdomen with measurement of pressure and urine flow rate ×

Service Code: 51797
Performed in an office
77
times performed,
0.63% of his services

23rd 63rd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

77
patients got this service, 16% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$23,304.82an average of $302.66 per time performed $7,705.39
an average of $100.07 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 70 minutes per... +

Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 70 minutes per day ×

Service Code: 99223
Performed in a facility
66
times performed,
0.54% of his services

24th 50th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

54
patients got this service, 11% of his patients
1.2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$29,119.20an average of $441.20 per time performed $11,392.26
an average of $172.61 per time performed
drug
CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS

Leuprolide acetate (for depot suspension), 7.5 mg

Service Code: J9217
Performed in an office
63
times performed,
0.52% of his services

25th 15th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

11
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
2
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.3)
$46,948.86an average of $745.22 per time performed $11,233.53
an average of $178.31 per time performed
medical
DRUGS

Unclassified drugs

Service Code: J3490
Performed in an office
48
times performed,
0.39% of his services

26th 60th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

16
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
2.7
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.3)
$54,980.16an average of $1,145.42 per time performed $20,419.20
an average of $425.40 per time performed
medical
SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS

Insertion of hormone pellets beneath the skin

Service Code: 11980
Performed in an office
44
times performed,
0.36% of his services

27th 113th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

16
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
2.8
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.2)
$9,309.96an average of $211.59 per time performed $3,586.00
an average of $81.50 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Diagnostic examination of the bladder and bladder canal (... +

Diagnostic examination of the bladder and bladder canal (urethra) using an endoscope ×

Service Code: 52000
Performed in a facility
36
times performed,
0.3% of his services

28th 53rd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

27
patients got this service, 6% of his patients
1.3
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$12,729.96an average of $353.61 per time performed $3,755.16
an average of $104.31 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 15 minutes ... +

Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 15 minutes per day ×

Service Code: 99231
Performed in a facility
36
times performed,
0.3% of his services

29th 51st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

26
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.9)
$3,240.00an average of $90.00 per time performed $1,190.88
an average of $33.08 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Ultrasound of scrotum

Service Code: 76870
Performed in an office
35
times performed,
0.29% of his services

30th 122nd

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

23
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1.5
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$6,149.85an average of $175.71 per time performed $1,358.00
an average of $38.80 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 50 minutes per... +

Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 50 minutes per day ×

Service Code: 99222
Performed in a facility
27
times performed,
0.22% of his services

31st 66th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

24
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$7,800.03an average of $288.89 per time performed $3,138.75
an average of $116.25 per time performed
medical
PROCEDURES

Surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examinations, f... +

Surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examinations, for prostate needle biopsy, any method ×

Service Code: G0416
Performed in an office
25
times performed,
0.21% of his services

32nd 149th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

25
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$37,040.00an average of $1,481.60 per time performed $10,756.75
an average of $430.27 per time performed
medical
MEDICINE

Injection beneath the skin or into muscle for therapy, di... +

Injection beneath the skin or into muscle for therapy, diagnosis, or prevention ×

Service Code: 96372
Performed in an office
23
times performed,
0.19% of his services

33rd 26th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

22
patients got this service, 5% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.9)
$1,347.11an average of $58.57 per time performed $496.34
an average of $21.58 per time performed
medical
MEDICINE

Hormonal anti-neoplastic chemotherapy administration bene... +

Hormonal anti-neoplastic chemotherapy administration beneath the skin or into muscle ×

Service Code: 96402
Performed in an office
23
times performed,
0.19% of his services

34th 29th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

11
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
2.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 2.5)
$1,725.00an average of $75.00 per time performed $609.04
an average of $26.48 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Ultrasound of rectum

Service Code: 76872
Performed in an office
22
times performed,
0.18% of his services

35th 45th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

21
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$5,019.96an average of $228.18 per time performed $1,843.38
an average of $83.79 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Mri scan of pelvis before and after contrast

Service Code: 72197
Performed in an office
20
times performed,
0.16% of his services

36th 236th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

20
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$24,000.00an average of $1,200.00 per time performed $9,118.20
an average of $455.91 per time performed
medical

Transitional care management services, highly complexity,... +

Transitional care management services, highly complexity, requiring face-to-face visits within 7 days of discharge ×

Service Code: 99496
Performed in an office
20
times performed,
0.16% of his services

37th Alert

most performed service for this provider 5 or fewer providers in this specialty in CA perform this service

19
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
$9,735.00an average of $486.75 per time performed $4,017.00
an average of $200.85 per time performed
drug
DRUGS

Injection, garamycin, gentamicin, up to 80 mg

Service Code: J1580
Performed in an office
19
times performed,
0.16% of his services

38th 41st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

19
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.6)
$92.91an average of $4.89 per time performed $19.57
an average of $1.03 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Insertion of device into bladder to measure pressure of u... +

Insertion of device into bladder to measure pressure of urine flow ×

Service Code: 51725
Performed in an office
19
times performed,
0.16% of his services

39th 141st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

15
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
1.3
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$8,809.92an average of $463.68 per time performed $1,673.14
an average of $88.06 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Ultrasonic guidance imaging supervision and interpretatio... +

Ultrasonic guidance imaging supervision and interpretation for insertion of needle ×

Service Code: 76942
Performed in an office
18
times performed,
0.15% of his services

40th 58th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

18
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$2,930.04an average of $162.78 per time performed $954.18
an average of $53.01 per time performed
medical
MALE GENITAL SYSTEM

Biopsy of prostate gland

Service Code: 55700
Performed in an office
18
times performed,
0.15% of his services

41st 61st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

18
patients got this service, 4% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$9,048.96an average of $502.72 per time performed $3,320.82
an average of $184.49 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Imaging of urinary tract

Service Code: 74420
Performed in a facility
17
times performed,
0.14% of his services

42nd 84th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

12
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1.4
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$1,940.04an average of $114.12 per time performed $260.61
an average of $15.33 per time performed
medical
URINARY SYSTEM

Destruction of prostate tissue through bladder canal (ure... +

Destruction of prostate tissue through bladder canal (urethra) ×

Service Code: 53850
Performed in an office
16
times performed,
0.13% of his services

43rd 131st

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

16
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$97,530.08an average of $6,095.63 per time performed $29,829.60
an average of $1,864.35 per time performed
medical
MALE GENITAL SYSTEM

Biopsy of prostate gland

Service Code: 55700
Performed in a facility
14
times performed,
0.12% of his services

44th 112th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

14
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1)
$7,098.00an average of $507.00 per time performed $1,626.94
an average of $116.21 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

3d radiographic procedure with computerized image postpro... +

3d radiographic procedure with computerized image postprocessing ×

Service Code: 76377
Performed in an office
14
times performed,
0.12% of his services

45th 219th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

13
patients got this service, 3% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.2)
$2,100.00an average of $150.00 per time performed $781.76
an average of $55.84 per time performed
medical

Transitional care management services, moderately complex... +

Transitional care management services, moderately complexity, requiring face-to-face visits within 14 days of discharge ×

Service Code: 99495
Performed in an office
13
times performed,
0.11% of his services

46th Alert

most performed service for this provider 5 or fewer providers in this specialty in CA perform this service

12
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1.1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
$4,810.00an average of $370.00 per time performed $1,863.94
an average of $143.38 per time performed
medical
RADIOLOGY

Ultrasound of rectum

Service Code: 76872
Performed in a facility
12
times performed,
0.1% of his services

47th 100th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

12
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.1)
$2,820.00an average of $235.00 per time performed $343.80
an average of $28.65 per time performed
medical
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typ... +

Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 40 minutes ×

Service Code: 99215
Performed in an office
11
times performed,
0.09% of his services

48th 36th

most performed service for this provider most performed service in this state & specialty

11
patients got this service, 2% of his patients
1
average number of visits a patient made for this service
(Peers: 1.3)
$3,275.03an average of $297.73 per time performed $1,381.16
an average of $125.56 per time performed

Office Visits

Medicare reimburses office visits using a five-point scale, with five being the most intensive and costly. The chart below shows what percentage of this provider’s office visits were reimbursed at each level. A higher than average proportion of costly visits is not necessarily an indication of a problem, but it may be worth asking about.

Hover over each slice to see percentage breakdown.

This provider charged Medicare for a lower percentage of 5’s than his peers

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Farhad B Nowzari
Average for Urology Providers in California

Notes: Medicare redacted this data for any services provided to fewer than 11 patients. The contact information listed above is the most current we have for this provider. The services listed on this page may have been delivered at a previous address or as part of a different practice.

Incorrect Info? If you are a provider and you believe your address is incorrect, check the listing you created on the National Provider Identifier registry. If you change your listing, send a note to checkup@propublica.org and we will update your information. If you have other questions about this data, send a note to checkup@propublica.org. Here's a link to Medicare's data on this provider.

Sources: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, American Medical Association

Services that begin with a letter come from CMS. All other codes and descriptions of the medical procedures are from the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code set, copyright 2015 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Where practical, AMA’s consumer friendly translation of the CPT descriptor was used. ProPublica has received permission from the AMA to use these codes on this site.

Read our methodology.